Studying Protein Organization in Cellular Membranes by High-Resolution Microscopy

Saka Kırlı, Sinem

dc.contributor.advisor	Rizzoli, Silvio Prof. Dr.
dc.contributor.author	Saka Kırlı, Sinem
dc.date.accessioned	2014-10-09T08:23:31Z
dc.date.available	2014-10-09T08:23:31Z
dc.date.issued	2014-10-09
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-98FB-0
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.53846/goediss-4715
dc.language.iso	eng	de
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
dc.subject.ddc	570	de
dc.title	Studying Protein Organization in Cellular Membranes by High-Resolution Microscopy	de
dc.type	doctoralThesis	de
dc.contributor.referee	Kessel, Michael Prof. Dr.
dc.date.examination	2013-10-29
dc.description.abstracteng	Most membrane proteins are found in clusters in the plasma membrane. For abundant proteins it is apparent that the clusters also tend to have patterned distributions, rather than being randomly scattered. To reveal the mechanism behind this observation, I have investigated all proteins in the plasma membrane simultaneously. This was achieved by large-scale metabolic labeling of proteins through incorporation of a non-canonical amino acid analogue and fluorescent tagging by click chemistry. Plasma membrane sheets were obtained from labeled PC12 and COS-7 cells and imaged by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Membrane proteins were found to form a mosaic like pattern. Heterogeneous domains, highly enriched in proteins, were distributed on a protein-poor background. I have termed these high-abundance domains “protein clouds” and assayed the contribution of different factors to their formation and maintenance. The protein cloud pattern was surprisingly robust and resisted to a variety of manipulations including changes in ionic composition and strength, decrease in protein density, disruption of cytoskeletal elements, and hydrolysis of phospholipids and sphingomyelin. Although actin disruption did not abolish the clouds, it resulted in formation of larger domains. Accordingly, actin was identified as a secondary factor that borders the clouds and prevents their coalescence. Depletion of cholesterol almost completely eliminated the protein clouds, in reversible fashion, suggesting that cholesterol is the major factor for the cloud patterning. The cloud pattern was confirmed by two additional, independent techniques: first, label-free secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and second, STED fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS). For reliable application of SIMS, a novel experimental scheme, named correlated optical isotopic nanoscopy (COIN), was developed and verified. To find out the relevance of clouds to specific proteins, distributions of different classes of proteins were investigated. All of the specific proteins analyzed were enriched in the protein clouds, but displayed differential enrichment profiles. Many proteins were preferentially located in particular areas, such as the edges or centers of the clouds. Some functional partners were observed to show similar profiles. I conclude that enrichment of proteins in the clouds can act as a basic, low-hierarchy principle of membrane patterning, underlying the distributions of specific proteins.	de
dc.contributor.coReferee	Simons, Mikael Prof. Dr.
dc.contributor.thirdReferee	Hell, Stefan Prof. Dr.
dc.contributor.thirdReferee	Doenecke, Detlef Prof. Dr.
dc.contributor.thirdReferee	Thumm, Michael Prof. Dr.
dc.subject.eng	Protein Domains	de
dc.subject.eng	Nanodomains	de
dc.subject.eng	Multi-Protein Assemblies	de
dc.subject.eng	Protein Clouds	de
dc.subject.eng	Membrane Organization	de
dc.subject.eng	Correlated Optical Isotopic Nanoscopy	de
dc.subject.eng	COIN	de
dc.subject.eng	Secondary Isotope Mass Spectrometry	de
dc.identifier.urn	urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0023-98FB-0-4
dc.affiliation.institute	Göttinger Graduiertenschule für Neurowissenschaften, Biophysik und molekulare Biowissenschaften (GGNB)	de
dc.subject.gokfull	Biologie (PPN619462639)	de
dc.identifier.ppn	798243597

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GGNB - Göttinger Graduiertenzentrum für Neurowissenschaften, Biophysik und molekulare Biowissenschaften [1111]
GGNB - Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences

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