Effekte einer chronischen β-Adrenozeptor-Blockade auf die Aktivität der Calcium-Calmodulin-Kinase II in der Herzinsuffizienz
Effects of chronic beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on cardiac calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in heart failure
by Matthias Dewenter
Date of Examination:2018-01-23
Date of issue:2018-01-22
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Ali El-Armouche
Referee:Prof. Dr. Ali El-Armouche
Referee:Dr. Karl Toischer
Referee:Prof. Dr. Martin Oppermann
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Abstract
English
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite major advances in the understanding of heart failure pathophysiology and significant progress in the development of therapeutic concepts, the prevalence of this disease is increasing and the prognosis is still poor. Beta blockers are a mainstay in the therapy of heart failure. Long-term application of beta blockers in heart failure patients improves cardiac contractility and protects from cardiac remodeling. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the clinical benefit of beta blockers are controversial and incompletely understood. Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity is increased in experimental and human heart failure and is suggested to be critically involved in disease pathophysiology. Cardiac overexpression of CaMKII induces severe dilative cardiomyopathy and contractile dysfunction and is associated with increased arrhythmia susceptibility. Several crosstalk mechanisms between beta-adrenergic signaling and CaMKII activation have been characterized, suggesting CaMKII as a possible downstream mediator of detrimental beta-adrenergic overactivity in heart failure. Yet, the question whether the beneficial effects of beta blockers might be attibuted to inhibitory effects on CaMKII remains elusive. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of chronic beta blocker treatment on CaMKII activity in human and experimental heart failure. Analysis of myocardial tissue from terminal heart failure patients revealed that CaMKII expression and activity was not affected by chronic beta blocker therapy. The lack of CaMKII modulation by beta blockers was confirmed in a second group of patients undergoing cardiac surgery but without severe heart failure. To further evaluate these findings, oral metoprolol treatment was established in CaMKIIδC transgenic mice as a mouse model of CaMKII-induced heart failure. Effective beta-blockade was proved by assessing several clinical and biochemical parameters. Metoprolol treatment significantly reduced heart rate, lowered blood pressure and initially had negative inotropic effects. On a molecular level, mice treated with metoprolol showed reduced PKA-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban and ryanodine receptor 2 in myocardial tissue. Beta blocker therapy had beneficial effects on survival, attenuated hypertophic growth and reduced the occurence of spontaneous arrhythmic events in the CaMKIIδC transgenic mice. However, despite the proposed crosstalk between beta-adrenergic signaling and CaMKII activation, metoprolol had no effect on CaMKII activity. Wildtype as well as CaMKIIδC transgenic mice showed no alterations in CaMKII expression, autophosphrylation or CaMKII substrate binding and phosphorylation upon long-term beta blocker treatment. These findings supported the results from the patient samples. The results of this study unexpectedly suggest that chronic beta blocker treatment does not affect CaMKII activity in the heart. Thus, the protective effects of beta blockers do not appear to be based on an inhibition of CaMKII. These data indicate that directly targeting CaMKII may improve heart failure therapy and complement the effects of beta blockers.
Keywords: Heart failure; Beta blocker; Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II