Slender Ca II H fibrils observed by SUNRISE/SuFI
by Ricardo Jorge Maranhas Gafeira
Date of Examination:2018-01-31
Date of issue:2018-04-24
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Sami K. Solanki
Referee:Prof. Dr. Sami K. Solanki
Referee:Prof. Dr. Laurent Gizon
Referee:Prof. Dr. Hardi Peter
Referee:Prof. Dr. Jens Niemeyer
Referee:Prof. Dr. Wolfram Kollatschny
Referee:Prof. Dr. Ariane Frey
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Description:PhD thesis
Abstract
English
This thesis is devoted to analyzing the morphological and oscillatory properties of slender \caiih{} fibrils (SCFs) in the lower solar chromosphere. The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of the physical nature of these structures and their relevance for the energetics in the solar chromosphere and the layers above. For this purpose, we use seeing-free high spatial and temporal resolution data in the line core of the \caiih{} line, which is formed in the chromosphere. A time series of narrow-band images in this line of almost 1 hour was obtained during the second science flight of the the \sunrise{} observatory by the \sunrise{} Filter Imager (\sufi{}). In the first part of the thesis we identify and track 598 elongated bright structures (fibrils), observed in the \caiih{} intensity images, in order to estimate their morphological properties. We obtain an average width of around 180~km, a length between 500 and 4000~km, an average lifetime of $\approx$400~s, an average curvature of 0.002~arcsec$^{-1}$, and a maximum lifetime of $\approx$2000~s. We identify two different types of brightness evolution in the SCFs. In one type the intensity increases starting from the center and moving to the edges, and in the other type the increase in intensity first becomes visible near one or both of the ends and expands from there toward the center of the fibril. The results from these studies allow us to compare some of the properties of the SCFs with other chromospheric structures such as spicules of type I and II, or \caiik{} fibrils. The second part of this work is dedicated to the study of the oscillatory behavior of SCFs using a wavelet analysis. One analysis focuses on the oscillations in width and intensity. These parameters are measured at several positions along the fibrils and their periods and phase speeds are analyzed. The width and intensity oscillations show overlapping distributions with median values for their periods of $32\pm17$\,s and $36\pm25$\,s, respectively. For the phase speeds of these perturbations we obtain values of ${11}^{+49}_{-11}$\,\kms{} for width and ${15}^{+34}_{-15}$\,\kms{} for the intensity. By computing the cross-power spectrum between the two oscillations we observe that in most of the cases they show either an anti-phase or in-phase behavior, with the anti-phase case being much more frequent. This indicates that both oscillations are probably caused by the same wave mode. By comparing the oscillatory behavior and the local sound and Alfv\'en speeds, we conclude that the most likely wave mode to explain all measurements is the fast sausage mode. A few cases are also compatible with slow sausage mode waves. Transverse motions of the SCFs were also studied. We obtained median amplitudes and periods on the order of 2.4$\pm$0.8~\kms{} and 83$\pm$29~s, respectively. We find that the transverse waves usually propagate along the SCFs with a median phase speed of 9$\pm$14~\kms{}. In some cases waves propagating in both directions, and also standing waves are observed. This oscillatory behavior can be then described by the so-called kink waves that, for the computed wave parameters, can carry an energy flux of $\approx$15~kW~m$^{-2}$, which is sufficiently high to heat the chromosphere.
Keywords: Solar Physics; Chromosphere; Sunrise; Ca II H fibrils