The Zinc cluster transcription factor ZtfA is an activator of asexual development and secondary metabolism and regulates the oxidative stress response in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans
by Karl G. Thieme
Date of Examination:2017-06-14
Date of issue:2018-06-11
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Gerhard H. Braus
Referee:Prof. Dr. Ralf Ficner
Referee:Prof. Dr. Rolf Daniel
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Description:Dissertation Karl G. Thieme
Abstract
English
The interconnection of developmental programs and secondary metabolism is regulated by the velvet domain proteins in numerous filamentous fungi. Velvet domain proteins constitute a family of fungal specific transcription factors with structural similarities in the DNA binding and dimerization domain of mammalian Rel-domains, including NF-κB as regulator for inflammation and infection. Velvet factors bind to promoters of thousands of genes and a large amount of their downstream targets remains to be analyzed. This study focuses on the Zinc cluster transcription factor A (ZtfA) as repression target of the velvet factor VosA in the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans and A. fumigatus. The A. nidulans ΔztfA strain forms diminished numbers of conidiophores with conidiospores of short-term viability compared to the wild type. A ztfA overexpression strain forms conidiophores in conditions when the wildtype grows with vegetative hyphae. The ztfA overexpressing strain increases conidiophore formation during sexual development in the dark, where conidiation normally is repressed. The conidiation pathway proceeds in a strictly time-tuned manner and several regulators are involved in its temporal control. The ztfA gene product was exclusively found in nuclei of hyphae, conidiophores and germinating spores. ZtfA activates the conidiation pathway through the major regulatory gene brlA and the conidiation activator-encoding genes flbC and flbD. ZtfA represents a novel component of the timely adjusted choreography of conidiation. ZtfA controls expression of several secondary metabolite genes, including austinol or dehydroaustinol biosynthesis. It forms a complex with the transcription repressor RcoA and might execute parts of its regulatory functions as a heterodimer. The phosphorylation status of ZtfA is presumably part of its control function. ZtfA regulates genes of the oxidative stress response system in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. ZtfA is conserved among Aspergilli as exemplified by the characterization of the A. fumigatus counterpart. AfZtfA is part of the fungal adhesion, but dispensable for conidiation. In summary, ZtfA regulates asexual development, secondary metabolite expression and oxidative stress response downstream of the velvet factor VosA in the filamentous fungus A. nidulans and is involved in the regulation of adhesion factors in A. fumigatus.
Keywords: velvet; VosA; Aspergillus nidulans; Asexual development; Secondary metabolism; zinc cluster; C6; oxidative stress response; Aspergillus fumigatus