Proteomics of Aspergillus nidulans sexually differentiated cells
by Benedict Dirnberger
Date of Examination:2018-07-04
Date of issue:2018-10-01
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Gerhard Braus
Referee:Prof. Dr. Gerhard Braus
Referee:Prof. Dr. Stefanie Pöggeler
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Abstract
English
The homothallic mold Aspergillus nidulans produces as overwintering structures closed sexual fruiting bodies named cleistothecia, which contain ascospores as products of meiosis. Formation of fruiting bodies is linked to a specific secondary metabolism and includes a number of specialized cells like the globose-thick walled multinuclear Hülle cells. The LaeA methyltransferase represents an epigenetic regulator of numerous secondary metabolite clusters and is required for Hülle cell formation. Abolished Hülle cell formation correlates with a significantly reduced size of the cleistothecia, which suggested a nursing function of these cells for the growing fruiting body. In this work, proteomes of fungal cells from different developmental programs and from enriched fractions of Hülle cells were compared to colonies grown on surfaces or in liquid medium. In a quantitative proteomics approach these results were compared to vegetative mycelia lacking the methyltransferase LaeA resulting in reduced Hülle cell formation and reduced secondary metabolism linked to the sexual program. Comparative proteomics in combination with fluorescence microscopic investigations showed that the prenyltransferase XptB and other proteins encoded by the monodictyphenone (mdp) / xanthone (xpt) secondary metabolite gene clusters are found in sexual mycelium as well as in Hülle cells grown on surfaces or in submerged liquid cultures. NptA represents a second prenyltransferase, which could be identified in different fungal cell types including Hülle cells and quantitative proteomics revealed that the protein quantity of NptA is down-regulated in strains lacking LaeA. Hülle cells grown on surfaces compared to liquid culture shared approximately 72% of the identified proteins in a core proteome. Besides the mdp/xpt protein, the ankyrin domain protein (AN8434) and the tryrosine domain protein (AN8435) are part of the core proteome and showed in fluorescence microscopic investigations a cellular localization in Hülle cells. In contrast to Hülle cells derived from liquid culture, surface cells contained increased numbers of glucanase protein levels. Another specific protein, which was only identified in surface and not liquid Hülle cells was the maltose permease-like transporter of Hülle cells MphA. Genetic studies of the corresponding deletion strain revealed that the MphA protein, which is enriched in surface Hülle cells, promotes fungal growth, asexual and sexual development.
Keywords: Aspergillus nidulans; Hülle cells; Proteomics; SILAC; Sexual development; Cleistothecium; laea methyltransferase; Hyphae development; Sexual cell; monodictyphenone; xanthone; XptB; AN2601; AN8434; AN8435; NptA; AN11080; MutA; RfeA; AN2943; fungal cells; developmental programs; Gerhard Braus; Benedict Dirnberger; AgnB; XptC; XptA; Hülle cell; Subtending Hyphae; Globose-thick walled cell; Fruiting bodies; Secondary metabolism; Oliver Valerius; Stefanie pöggeler