Effect of the potassium and magnesium nutrition on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber quality and plant development
by Mirjam Koch
Date of Examination:2018-02-16
Date of issue:2018-10-17
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Elke Pawelzik
Referee:Prof. Dr. Klaus Dittert
Referee:Prof. Dr. Johannes Isselstein
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Abstract
English
Knowledge regarding the importance of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) for potato plant development and tuber quality is limited. K and Mg are nutrients, besides other crucial roles, for photosynthesis and the partitioning of photoassimilates within the plant. Hence, a negative effect of a K and Mg deficiency on tuber yield and quality can be expected as tubers are strong sink organs being highly dependent on the production of photoassimilates and its translocation down to the tubers. This thesis aimed to examine the extent to which a K and Mg deficiency may affect potato plant development, tuber yield and tuber quality with view on the roles of K and Mg for photosynthesis and the partitioning of photoassimilates. Both K- and Mg-deficiency lead to reduced CO2 net assimilation and photosynthetic active biomass production, with stronger reductions in K-compared to Mg-deficient plants. Low K- as well as low Mg supply resulted in accumulation of sugars in source leaves, especially in Mg-deficient plants. This is indicative for a restricted phloem loading. Besides, K and Mg restricted plants exhibited an impaired root length development what is supposed to be a result of a restricted source to sink transport of photoassimilates. However, while low K-deficiency resulted in a sharp increase of transcript levels of H+/sucrose symporters, which are responsible to load the phloem with sucrose, this was less pronounced under Mg-deficiency. The latter case is probably the result of an impaired sucrose transport due to Mg-deficiency already at an earlier step, namely the efflux of sucrose from mesophyll cells into the apoplast. Therefore, it is assumed that K- and Mg-deficiency caused sugar accumulation in seperated cell compartments of source leaves leading to a different impact on the gene expression of sucrose transport systems. Tuber sugar and starch concentrations, however, remained unaffected under the various treatments. Nevertheless, the total amount of tuber sugar and starch per plant decreased significantly upon K- and Mg-deficiency. A further research objective of this thesis was the external appearance of potato tubers what is an important quality attribute of potato tubers. The external appearance of potato tubers has been shown to mainly influence the customer´s purchase behavior. Thus, external blemishes, such as cracks of the tuber skin, significantly reduce the quality and the appeal of tubers for consumers. One factor, which is influencing on the development of cracks is the susceptibility of the tuber skin for mechanical impacts. Knowledge regarding physiological parameters which influence the resistance of the tuber skin towards mechanical impacts is rare. The present thesis revealed that tuber DM and starch concentrations can be considered as such parameters. The cultivar, which exhibited higher DM and starch concentrations, demonstrated higher resistance against mechanical impacts. Tuber DM and starch concentration were shown to correlate with the rheological characteristics of tubers due to related characteristics of tubers exhibiting higher DM and starch concentrations such as smaller cell sizes (as smaller cells need a greater strength to be separated or damaged) and an advantageous cell structure. Besides, tubers with higher Ca concentrations showed an increased resistance against mechanical impacts. This may be related to the contribution of Ca for cell wall stability. Ca is binding to cell wall polymers of the plant cell wall and thus is stabilizing the cell wall and therefore the tuber periderm that is forming the tuber skin.
Keywords: potato; potassium; magnesium; tuber quality; photoassimilate partitioning; root length; cracking properties