Extending Resolution in All Directions: Image Scanning Microscopy and Metal-induced Energy Transfer
by Sebastian Isbaner
Date of Examination:2019-02-13
Date of issue:2019-03-18
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Jörg Enderlein
Referee:Prof. Dr. Jörg Enderlein
Referee:Prof. Dr. Helmut Grubmüller
Referee:Prof. Dr. Andreas Janshoff
Referee:Prof. Dr. Alexander Egner
Referee:Prof. Dr. Fred Wouters
Referee:Dr. Sarah Adio
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Abstract
English
Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool in the life sciences and is used to study structure and function on length scales from cells down to single molecules. In recent years, fluorescence microscopy has seen enormous improvements on the sensitivity to detect single molecules and on the resolution to look at ever smaller details. However, the resolution of an optical microscope is fundamentally limited by the diffraction limit of light. This limit can be bypassed using superresolution methods, but they often come with a trade-off against the complexity of the method which limits its wide application. In this thesis, we present three techniques that each improve the resolution of fluorescence microscopy: First, we increased the lateral resolution and the contrast of a confocal spinning disk microscope with image scanning microscopy. We developed a software package that controls the image acquisition and performs the image reconstruction. This allows to upgrade confocal spinning disk systems with a superresolution option without changing the optical path of the microscope. Second, we used metal-induced energy transfer to increase the axial resolution. We localized single emitters on DNA origami nanostructures with a precision of 5nm along the optical axis and demonstrated colocalization of up to three emitters. This method allows exceptional axial resolution within a range of 100nm for microscopes which are able to measure fluorescence lifetimes. Third, we developed an algorithm to correct dead-time artifacts in fluorescence lifetime imaging. This enabled us to accurately measure fluorescence lifetimes at high count rates which allows to increase the frame rate and thereby the time resolution of fluorescence lifetime imaging. All our methods extend the resolution in a different direction and thereby expand the capabilities of fluorescence microscopy.
Keywords: Fluorescence Microscopy; Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging; Superresolution Microscopy; Single Molecule Spectroscopy; Image Scanning Microscopy; Metal-induced Energy Transfer