isoSTED microscopy for live cell imaging
by René Siegmund
Date of Examination:2019-02-22
Date of issue:2019-05-08
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Alexander Egner
Referee:Prof. Dr. Alexander Egner
Referee:Prof. Dr. Tim Salditt
Referee:Prof. Dr. Sarah Köster
Referee:Prof. Dr. Stefan Jakobs
Referee:Prof. Dr. Thorsten Hohage
Referee:Dr. Florian Rehfeldt
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Description:Dissertation
Abstract
English
Far-field fluorescence microscopy is a versatile tool for the non-invasive investigation of intracellular structures and thus for live cell imaging. This is a major advantage over other microscopy methods such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy. Since the advent of super-resolution techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, protein structures within cells can be imaged with in principle unlimited resolution. In order to retrieve the maximum of available information by a measurement, it is beneficial if the microscope exhibits an isotropic resolution in all spatial dimensions. This can be achieved by applying the STED principle in a 4Pi microscope, which is termed isoSTED microscopy. Until now, only oil-immersion objective lenses were used for this technology, which limited isoSTED microscopy to the examination of fixed samples. \\In this thesis, for the first time, we present an isoSTED microscope utilizing water-immersion objective lenses and demonstrate an isotropic resolution better than 56~nm. This resolution is measured on fluorescent beads and also confirmed on recordings of antibody labeled cells. In this context a problem of isoSTED microscopy utilizing water-immersion objective lenses becomes apparent. In extended sample regions signal from planes above and below the focal plane is also detected and deteriorates the image quality significantly. A method to specifically measure these out-of-focus signals is presented. This allows to correct the recorded data, which is demonstrated for live cell imaging. \\ Exemplary for the versatile usability of the here presented isoSTED microscope, the microtubule, vimentin and actin network in different cell lines is imaged with an isotropic resolution better than 60~nm. The actin network is measured in cells grown on a collagen-coated polyacrylamide gels. This mimics the elasticity of the extracellular matrix surrounding the cell in tissue and therefore demonstrates the feasibility of isoSTED microscopy under physiological conditions. Furthermore, isoSTED time lapse recordings reveal the reorganization of microtubule and actin networks.
Keywords: Super-resolution microscopy; STED microscopy; live cell imaging; microscopy