The role of the ROBO 3 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer plasticity
Doctoral thesis
Date of Examination:2022-09-08
Date of issue:2022-09-06
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Volker Ellenrieder
Referee:Prof. Dr. Volker Ellenrieder
Referee:Prof. Dr. Michael Zeisberg
Files in this item
Name:Niklas_Krebs_Dissertation_final_ eDiss SUB.pdf
Size:4.13Mb
Format:PDF
Abstract
English
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the most aggressive cancers with a 5-year survival rate below 10 %. Particularly, the clinical outcome of metastatic pancreatic cancer is extremely poor with a dismal 5-year survival rate below 3 %. Several factors influence the high therapy resistance. The tumor microenvironment is one of them, which exhibits a complex and heterogeneous structure within the neoplastic-epithelium and stromal cells compartments, making treatment strategies extremely challenging in pancreatic cancer patients. Whole-exome sequencing and transcriptional profiling in tumor biopsies identified distinct molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer, which correspond with prognosis and therapeutic outcome of patients. In particularly, the ‘basal-like’ subtype is substantially linked to EMT, high rates of metastasis and a therapy resistance phenotype, thus leading to a poor prognosis. Whereas the ‘classical’ subtype is markedly associated with a better therapy responsiveness leading to a preferable prognostic outcome in pancreatic cancer patients. In this study, we demonstrate that axon-guidance receptor ‘ROBO3’ promotes poorly differentiated and met-astatic basal-like phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo pancreatic cancer models. We identified that ROBO3 promotes tumor invasiveness and therapy resistance of basal-like pancreatic cancer cells. Notably, our CRISPR/dCas9-mediated ROBO3 inactivation confirmed its role in the orthotopic pancreatic mouse model. We show that ROBO3 activates STAT3 by phosphorylation at tyrosine-705 in an IL-6 independent mechanisms. Importantly, the IL-6/STAT3 regulatory mechanisms has already been identified as key event in the pre-metastatic niche formation in pancreatic cancer. We found that exogenous IL-6 induces ROBO3 and pSTAT3 expressions. However, ROBO3 silencing restricts IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation in basal-like cells. Mechanistically, ROBO3 directly controls receptor tyrosine kinase family member AXL, which in turn activates STAT3 in basal-like cells. Thus, ROBO3 or AXL depletion led to reduced invasiveness and improve chemo-responsiveness in basal-like cells. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 or AXL substantially improves chemo-responsiveness towards gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. Together, this study indicates that targeting ROBO3-mediated regulatory network may restore favorable outcome in a defined subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients.
Keywords: PDAC; Axon Guidance; ROBO3; Inflammation; AXL; Interleukine 6