Der Einfluss des selektiven Androgenrezeptor-Modulators Ostarine auf die metaphysäre Frakturheilung in der osteoporotischen Ratte
The influence of the selective androgen receptor modulator Ostarine on the metaphyseal fracture healing in the osteoporotic rat
von Judith Furtwängler
Datum der mündl. Prüfung:2023-02-15
Erschienen:2023-02-06
Betreuer:Dr. Marina Komrakova
Gutachter:Prof. Dr. Stephan Sehmisch
Gutachter:PD Dr. Stephan Haehling von Lanzenauer
Dateien
Name:Diss_jFurtwängler_Disputation.pdf
Size:3.98Mb
Format:PDF
Zusammenfassung
Englisch
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that places an enormous burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide. It causes an increased risk of fracture and then complicates early fracture healing and late callus mineralization, resulting in the formation of poor quality new bone. Therefore, in addition to optimal osteosynthesis for fracture stabilization, it is necessary to exhaust the drug options to optimize and accelerate the repair process of bone compromised by osteoporosis. In several studies, a positive effect of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), in particular Ostarine (Enobosarm, GTx-024, MK-2866) as the most clinically studied SARM to date, on osteoporotic bone has already been established. However, the effect on fracture healing has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ostarine on metaphyseal fracture healing in the osteoporosis model of the ovariectomized rat. The experiment was started with three-month-old rats randomly divided into five groups of 12 to 13 animals each. One group was left untreated (NON-OVX), the other 4 groups were ovariectomized and after eight weeks, when osteoporosis was induced, bilateral metaphyseal osteotomy of the tibiae was performed in all experimental animals, which was stabilized by plate osteosynthesis. After osteotomy, three of the four ovariectomized experimental groups received Ostarine orally (OS; purity > 98%, Biochempartner Co. Ltd ®, Shanghai, China) by adding it to the diet at different concentrations (OS 0.04 = 0.04 mg/kg body weight (bw); OS 0.4 = 0.4 mg/kg body weight (bw); and OS 4 = 4 mg/kg body weight (bw)). Body weight and feed intake were documented weekly. Five weeks after osteotomy, bone healing was examined. The tibiae were subjected to biomechanical and histomorphological examinations and microCT analysis. The uteri were weighed and serum for alkaline phosphatase (AP) analysis was stored. All collected data were then statistically analyzed using variance analysis and post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test (p < 0.05). After ovariectomy, all groups with ovariectomized animals showed greater weight gain than the NON-OVX group. The increased feed intake in the ovarectomized groups OVX, OS 0.04, OS 0.4, and OS 4 can be explained by estrogen deficiency, which leads to increased body weight due to various factors. Uteri in the ovariectomized groups appeared significantly lighter than in NON-OVX, indicating successful ovariectomy. In the OS 0.4 and OS 4 groups, the mean uterine weight was higher than in OVX. This suggests an androgen receptor-mediated effect of Ostarine on uterine smooth muscle cells. The significantly increased serum AP levels in OS 4 compared with NON-OVX and OVX suggest an ostarine-mediated enhanced stimulation of osteoblast activity and thus increased bone formation. Ostarine was shown to increase total bone density and dorsal the total callus density and callus area in the OS 4 group compared with the OVX group, thereby improving early fracture healing. Furthermore, Ostarine had an anabolic effect on cortical bone. The biomechanical properties of the fracture bone in the Ostarine-treated groups were comparable to those in the NON-OVX group. In conclusion, treatment with the highest Ostarine dose in group OS 4 resulted in improved early fracture healing, whereas these effects were less evident in the low Ostarine dose groups, OS 0.4 and OS 0.04 . Ostarine may represent a potent drug for the therapy of osteoporosis and for improving fracture healing in an osteoporotic bone. However, further studies regarding the side effects, especially considering the increased uterine weights, are needed.
Keywords: osteoporosis; fracture healing; metaphyseal fracture healing; bone; postmenopausal osteoporosis; SARM