Exoplanet Atmosphere Characterization with High-Resolution Doppler Spectroscopy
von David Cont
Datum der mündl. Prüfung:2023-02-21
Erschienen:2023-03-24
Betreuer:Prof. Dr. Ansgar Reiners
Gutachter:Prof. Dr. Ansgar Reiners
Gutachter:Prof. Dr. Ignas Snellen
Gutachter:Prof. Dr. Stefan Dreizler
Dateien
Name:Thesis_David_Cont.pdf
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Zusammenfassung
Englisch
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are a class of giant strongly irradiated exoplanets with dayside temperatures exceeding 2200 K. Due to their elevated temperatures, these objects are prime targets for atmospheric characterization by observing their thermal emission signal. In this context, high-resolution spectroscopy is a powerful tool since it offers the opportunity to resolve the individual spectral lines from exoplanet atmospheres. Studying the spectra of UHJs with this method allows measuring the composition of their atmospheres and thereby, insights into mechanisms of planet formation and migration can be provided. In addition, dynamical processes in the atmosphere are detected through excess Doppler-shifts of the spectral lines and rotational broadening affects the spectral line width. Hence, high-resolution spectroscopy enables analyzing the atmospheric circulation and investigating the rotation of exoplanets. The presented work investigates the physical and chemical conditions in UHJ atmospheres by studying the emission spectra of the exoplanets WASP-33b and KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b. We employ a series of methods including principle component analysis, cross-correlation with model spectra, and a Bayesian retrieval framework for analyzing the high-resolution spectra from the daysides of these exoplanets. The signals of Ti I, V I, Fe I, the hydroxyl radical (OH), and strong evidence for Ti II and TiO lines are found in the emission spectrum of WASP-33b. In particular, the detection of Ti-bearing species is a remarkable result. These species are absent from the atmospheres of most UHJs and the underlying mechanisms of this depletion are not fully understood. Further, the Si I signature is detected in the high-resolution spectra of WASP-33b and KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b. Detection of silicon in the atmospheres of exoplanets has as of now been unprecedented. The spectral lines of all detected chemical species are emission shaped, which unambiguously proves the presence of inverted temperature profiles in the atmospheres of both investigated exoplanets. A detailed analysis of the WASP-33b emission spectrum is conducted to constrain the properties of the planetary dayside atmosphere. An offset in the Doppler-shift between different chemical species is interpreted as the presence of a three-dimensional chemical structure and super-rotational winds in the planetary atmosphere. We retrieve an increasing temperature with atmospheric altitude and super-solar elemental abundances. Moreover, we find a broadened spectral line profile that is likely caused by the fast rotation of the planet. Our analyses also comprise retrievals of the atmospheric conditions at different alignments between WASP-33b's dayside and the Earth-bound observer, which represents an advance in mapping local structures in exoplanet atmospheres.
Keywords: Exoplanet atmospheres; High-resolution spectroscopy; WASP-33b and MASCARA-2b/KELT-20b