Development and evaluation of physicochemical quick methods for the analysis of nutrients in liquid organic manures
Cumulative thesis
Date of Examination:2023-06-09
Date of issue:2023-06-27
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Klaus Dittert
Referee:Prof. Dr. Klaus Dittert
Referee:Prof. Dr. Hans-Werner Olfs
Sponsor:Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt
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Abstract
English
Liquid organic manures can be used to return surplus nutrients from animal and biogas production to agricultural land. For correct ecological and economic use, the nutrient concentrations of the farm manures must be known as precisely as possible. With physicochemical quick methods, the three main nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be determined quickly and on site. In this thesis, different established methods were evaluated. Differences between direct and indirect methods were found. With direct methods, well-fitted regression models can be created for variable sample sets, which can then be used for different types and production conditions of manures. To create well-fitting regression models with indirect methods, the variability of the sample sets must be restricted. Thus, the models can only be applied to samples that match the properties of the specific sample set. Ion-selective electrodes and an electronic infrared moisture analyser were tested as new methods for direct measurement of ammonium and potassium as well as dry matter. With the electrodes, well-fitted models for variable farm manure sample sets could be calculated. By combining the ammonium electrode and the moisture analyser, well-fitted regression models for total nitrogen concentration could be constructed. However, it was not possible to generate well-fitted phosphorus models for variable sample sets. In the last 50 years, various regression models for diverse physicochemical methods have been published. In order for the models to be used in agricultural practice, farmers need access and they need to be able to decide whether the models are applicable for their farm manures. To simplify this process, a mobile app was introduced. With this app, farmers have access to a database of different models and can select the most compatible models for their samples by entering production parameters. The studies in this dissertation show that it is possible to determine nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in liquid organic farm manure by using various physicochemical methods. Direct methods can be applied to sample sets with greater variability than indirect methods, but are usually more labour-intensive. Accurate determination of nutrient concentrations is only possible if well-fitted regression models are available for the methods, which were produced with farm manures whose production parameters correspond to the farm manure to be measured.
Keywords: manure rapid tests; nutrient quantification; biogas digestate; pig slurry; cattle slurry