Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung und funktionelle Analyse der KMT2A-MAML2 Translokation in epithelialen Thymusneoplasien und den humanen Zelllinien 1889c und MP-57
by Marcellus Rose
Date of Examination:2024-01-31
Date of issue:2024-04-25
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Philipp Ströbel
Referee:Prof. Dr. Philipp Ströbel
Referee:PD Dr. Alexander Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord
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Abstract
English
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are very rare epithelial neoplasms of the thymus. Little is known about the pathogenesis of these tumors. Targeted therapeutic approaches have hardly been established to date, and the recurrence rates and the proportion of patients eligible for second-line therapies are high. Epithelial thymic tumors are among the adult malignancies with the lowest mutation rate. Recently, the KMT2A-MAML2 translocation was found in two subtypes of these tumors, which appears to occur in 6% of B2 and B3 thymomas. With regard to its function and relevance, little is known apart from a possible disruption of the Notch signaling pathway. Initially, an attempt was made to examine the prevalence of the fusion in a patient collective consisting of the 162 tissue samples using FISH. However, only one positive case of a B3 thymoma could be confirmed with NGS. In order to be able to investigate the fusion functionally, three cell models were used in which the translocation was stably overexpressed by means of sleeping beauty transposition. Cell clones were used for phenotypic analyses such as proliferation or migration. A growth-inhibiting effect was found in all cell clones. Increased stem cell properties of the clones were shown in the clonality assay and in the expression of stem cell markers in the Western blot. When the clones were treated with chemotherapeutic agents, the HEK and 1889c clones showed a poorer response to cisplatin and etoposide, while a significantly better response to sunitinib was observed. Additional analysis of protein expression revealed no differential expression of anti-apoptotic or autophagy-associated markers. Aberrant activation of the EGFR signaling pathway was shown for the 1889c and MP-57 clones. The results indicate a functional relevance of this translocation, in which HES1 is a realistic target.
Keywords: Thymus; Thymic neoplasm; Thymoma; Thymic carcinoma; Sleeping beauty; Sleeping Beauty Transposition; KMT2A; MAML2; KMT2A-MAML2 Translocation