High‐precision Strontium Isotope Measurements - From the Early Solar System to the Age of the Moon
Cumulative thesis
Date of Examination:2024-06-19
Date of issue:2024-07-12
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Thorsten, Kleine
Referee:Prof. Dr. Thorsten, Kleine
Referee:Prof. Dr. Andreas, Pack
Referee:Prof. Dr. Matthias Willbold
Referee:Prof. Dr. Doris, Breuer
Referee:Dr. Thomas, Kruijer
Referee:Dr. Christoph, Burkhardt
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Abstract
English
Variations in the isotopic composition of extraterrestrial rocks provide crucial information about the nature and evolution of planetary building blocks, the Earth, and the Moon. In this thesis, strontium isotopic compositions of terrestrial rocks, meteorites, and lunar samples are used to investigate the origin of isotope anomalies in solar system materials as well as the time of Moon formation. For this purpose, a multi-dynamic method for strontium (Sr) isotope measurements using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) was set up, which enables measurement of all four stable Sr isotopes (84Sr, 86Sr, 87Sr, 88Sr) with higher precision than traditional static measurements. The first part of this thesis investigates the effect of Faraday cup deterioration by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. TIMS measurements are widely used to measure 84Sr and 87Sr variations in geological samples. Therefore, a thorough understanding of analytically induced uncertainties is important. The study reveals that dynamic measurement routines yield more consistent, precise, and accurate results than traditional static routines and further demonstrates that previously observed residual correlations in static chromium isotope data might largely result from cup aging in TIMS instruments. In the second part of the thesis, the established dynamic measurement routines are used to assess the distribution of nucleosynthetic 84Sr anomalies (expressed as μ84Sr) among meteorites, Earth, Mars, and the Moon. Nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies in meteorites reveal a dichotomy between the non-carbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (CC) meteorite reservoirs, but its origin remains debated. It either reflects the thermal processing of presolar dust or an inherited heterogeneity from the parental molecular cloud. Previous μ84Sr data was interpreted to represent thermal processing of presolar grains based on small differences among and between NC and CC meteorites. However, the precision and number of samples in previous studies do not allow this conclusion to be drawn unequivocally. In addition, the thermal processing origin of 84Sr anomalies is difficult to reconcile with nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies observed in other elements. The new μ84Sr data reveals that the inner solar system, represented by NC meteorites, Mars, Earth, and the Moon, displays a remarkable homogeneity in 84Sr anomalies. Moreover, the NC and CC reservoirs are not clearly separated as observed for other elements. This study shows that counterbalancing nucleosynthetic contributions from s‐, r‐, and p‐ process isotopes are the reason for this homogeneity in the inner solar system and for the absence of a clear NC-CC separation. The characteristic 84Sr-excess observed in the CC-reservoir is balanced by s‐process variations for NC samples. Collectively, the antagonistic s‐, r‐, and p‐process variations argue against the thermal processing of presolar dust as the origin of Sr isotope anomalies among meteorites and planets. They instead support an initial isotopic heterogeneity of the solar system accretion disk as the origin for the NC-CC dichotomy. The last part of this thesis focuses on the Moon and how strontium isotopes can be used to unravel the timing of Moon’s formation. The Moon formed in the aftermath of a giant impact of the proto-planet Theia onto proto-Earth, which marks the final step in Earth's accretion and thus the beginning of the Earth as a habitable planet. Despite its importance, the age of the Moon is one of the biggest uncertainties in lunar research and a variety of methods including radiogenic dating of lunar rocks or thermochemical and dynamical modelling yield conflicting results for the time of the giant impact and the subsequent solidification of the lunar magma ocean (LMO). The solidification timescale of the LMO and the age of the moon can potentially be inferred from the age of lunar ferroan anorthosites (FANs). The new high-precision 87Sr/86Sr data for FANs presented here reveal that all investigated lunar FANs share the same formation age of 4.360 ± 0.028 billion years (Ga) ago. However, this age does not necessarily equal the age of the Moon itself. Independently from the absolute age, these samples are used to derive a new and precise initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio for the Moon, which is now based on five FANs instead of only one as in previous studies. This ratio is then used to calculate new Rb-Sr model ages for the age of the Moon within the framework of newer impact scenarios and including all possible uncertainties. Consistent with independently derived results from radiometric dating of zircons, constraints from Hf-W, and numerical modeling, these new model calculations result in a consistent Rb-Sr model age for the Moon of ~ 4.5 Ga.
Keywords: Cosmochemistry; Isotope Geochemistry; Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry; Nucleosynthetic Isotope Anomalies; Strontium Isotopes