Mobile Cognitive Interventions in Mental Disorders
Doctoral thesis
Date of Examination:2024-07-08
Date of issue:2024-08-05
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Timo Brockmeyer
Referee:Prof. Dr. Timo Brockmeyer
Referee:Prof. Dr. Marcella Woud
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Abstract
English
Mental disorders pose a significant public health challenge, contributing substantially to disability-adjusted life years and increasing mortality rates. Despite their prevalence, the mechanisms underlying the development, onset and maintenance of mental disorders remain largely unknown. Recent research has increasingly focused on cognitive alterations, such as biases in information processing and reduced cognitive control, as potential contributors to mental ill health. Studying these cognitive underlying mechanisms that are typically not the focus of intervention in psychotherapeutic face-to-face treatment could enhance care for affected individuals. Mobile cognitive interventions, which, due to the relatively simple and repetitive nature of tasks involving cognitive interventions, leverage the accessibility of smartphones, offer a promising avenue for addressing cognitive alterations in mental disorders. They can serve as initial treatment options, supplement existing therapies, aid in prevention, and contribute to stabilizing treatment outcomes and minimizing relapse rates across disorders. This PhD thesis investigates the efficacy of mobile cognitive interventions through two randomized clinical trials. The first study examined a mobile cognitive bias modification program targeting dysfunctional approach and avoidance tendencies in patients with major depression undergoing inpatient treatment. The second study assessed the efficacy of a mobile cognitive control training on mental symptom distress, emotion regulation, and quality of life in patients with diverse mental disorders awaiting outpatient psychotherapy. Additionally, an experimental cross-sectional study explored the relationship between cognitive control and emotional interference to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying cognitive control training in modifying emotion regulation beyond what can be measured with self-report questionnaires. While training on approach-avoidance tendencies showed promise in reducing symptoms of depression, the cognitive control training did not significantly alleviate mental symptom distress. However, the findings suggested improvements following the training in emotion regulation, a crucial aspect of mental health. Emotional interference may not be substantially affected by cognitive control tasks typically used in training studies. The studies presented herein have important methodological implications for future research. They address limitations in the existing literature related to long-term follow-up assessments, comprehensive outcome measures, sample size, and statistical analysis. With further research in larger, ideally multi-center studies, mobile cognitive interventions have the potential to be efficacious augmenting interventions for individuals with mental disorders.
Keywords: cognitive bias modification; cognitive control; emotion regulation; e-health; m-health