Totale neoadjuvante Therapie des Rektumkarzinoms – Sicherheit, Durchführbarkeit und Wirksamkeit – (Langzeit-) Ergebnisse eines monozentrischen Patientenkollektivs
by Timotheus Ritter-Vanfloorop née Ritter
Date of Examination:2024-09-04
Date of issue:2024-08-16
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Torsten Liersch
Referee:Prof. Dr. Torsten Liersch
Referee:Prof. Dr. Julie Schanz
Referee:Prof. Dr. Margarete Schön
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Abstract
English
The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate safety, feasibility and efficacy of a total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC; cUICC stages II - IV; mid and lower rectum; lower tumor margin < 12 cm from the anal verge). All patients (n = 62) were treated as part of the TransValid- KFO179/GRCSG-B-phase-I/II-trial (EudraCT no.: 2011-004228-37; WHO-UTN- U1111-1132-0235;) and the preceding proof-of-concept phase for the first time in Germany with TNT, i. e. with a preoperative 5-fluorouracil-based (5-FU) chemoradiotherapy (preopCRT) + oxaliplatin (OX), followed by a FOLFOX consolidation chemotherapy (kCTx; 3 courses) and a quality-controlled total mesorectal excision (TME). The aim of the TNT was to achieve a higher rate of pathologically confirmed complete remissions (pCR), a higher CTx adherence and survival benefits with an acceptable rate of TNT-associated toxicities (CTC-AE classification) compared to standard multimodal therapy (MMT; preopCRT → TME → adjuvant (ad) CTx). TNT proved to be a highly effective and time efficient MMT with low rates of adverse events and high adherence, especially to kCTx. In 96.7 %, kCTx was performed completely ± dose reductions vs. adCTx initiation in < 75 % using standard MMT. Furthermore, kCTx-associated toxicities (grade ≥ 3) were considerably lower (< 14 %) than grade ≥ 3 toxicities of adCTx (> 35 %) in standard MMT. The high efficacy of TNT was demonstrated, for example, by the fact that a LARC assessed as prognostically unfavorable at initial diagnosis due to lymph node metastases, the cT status or a positive circumferential resection margin (in MRI) could be converted into a prognostically more favorable malignoma situation by downsizing / -staging with TNT. Despite the kCTx being shortened to 3 single applications, TNT was not inferior to standard MMT in terms of the 5-year DFS (~ 70 %) and the rate of distant metastases (22.5 %). In addition, univariable and multivariable analyses showed considerable advantages for various predictors (such as status ypUICC ≤ II) regarding DFS, OS and CSS as well as the rate of distant metastases.
Keywords: total neoadjuvant treatment; locally advanced rectal cancer; watch and wait