Iterative helioseismic holography
by Björn Müller
Date of Examination:2023-11-29
Date of issue:2024-08-28
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Laurent Gizon
Referee:Prof. Dr. Laurent Gizon
Referee:Prof. Dr. Thorsten Hohage
Referee:Prof. Dr. Christoph Lehrenfeld
Referee:Prof. Dr. Ramin Yahyapour
Referee:Prof. Dr. Stefan Dreizler
Referee:Prof. Dr. Andreas Tilgner
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Abstract
English
The understanding of the solar interior, in particular the subsurface solar flows, is im- portant for understanding the solar activity cycle. Traditional local helioseismology does not use all the seismic information encoded in the surface cross-correlation data. The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the inversion of correlation-based data in local helio- seismology. We test and validate the potential and applications of iterative helioseismic holography. In a first step, we develop an iterative setup. We find that traditional helioseismic holog- raphy is the first step in an iterative Newton-type inversion procedure. Furthermore, we show how holographic back-propagation uses the whole seismic information. The method is validated in a two-dimensional setup for sound-speed and flow field perturbations. In a second step, we turn our attention to the axisymmetric flow fields in the solar interior. We validate iterative helioseismic holography on synthetics for differential rotation and meridional circulation. We show how to achieve sub-wavelength resolution and improved signal-to-noise ratios. This work provides us with a new framework for the inversion of real-Sun data. In a third step, we explore the uniqueness of the parameter identification problem based on measurements of the cross-covariance at the solar surface. Under certain assumptions regarding the source covariance, we can establish the uniqueness of interior parameters and the volumetric source strength using measurements at two distinct heights above the solar surface and two different frequencies above the solar acoustic cutoff frequency. In a simplified scenario, we can also attain stability results for the inverse source problem. This chapter extends existing uniqueness findings to encompass arbitrary advection terms and wave damping and introduces the source strength as an additional free parameter while simultaneously relaxing the assumptions on the source covariance. The proof also outlines a path toward stability and uniqueness results for completely arbitrary source co- variances. In the discussion chapter, we present some preliminary results for rotation using iterative helioseismic holography applied to six years of HMI data. Rotation is not assumed to be symmetric across the equator in this process. The work in this thesis highlights the great potential of iterative helioseismic holography, while also pointing out the need to improve the forward modeling.
Keywords: helioseismology; numerical mathematics; passive imaging; uniqueness; solar rotation