NF-κB in dermaler Homöostase in vitro
NF-κB in dermal homeostasis in vitro
by Lara-Carolina Micus
Date of Examination:2024-10-16
Date of issue:2024-09-11
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Michael P. Schön
Referee:Prof. Dr. Michael P. Schön
Referee:Prof. Dr. Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
Referee:Prof. Dr. Margarete Schön
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Abstract
English
Although systemic sclerosis is considered a rare disease, there are no curative therapeutic approaches to date and patients develop fibrotic remodeling processes throughout the body over time in addition to skin fibrosis, which ultimately leads to death. The pathophysiology of the disease has not been conclusively clarified. The transcription factor NF-κB and in particular the subunit c-Rel has already been identified several times as a central effector in connection with fibrotic diseases. How exactly c-Rel is involved in fibrotic processes and which target structures are involved has not yet been fully clarified. In order to better understand c-Rel as an important factor in the context of dermal fibrosis, especially systemic sclerosis, the role of the NF-κB subunit c-Rel in homeostasis was the first aim of this study. Under homeostatic conditions, a reduced directional migration of dermal fibroblasts after c-Rel suppression was shown. With regard to the contractility of c-Rel suppressed dermal fibroblasts, tendencies towards lower contractility could be recognized. Thus, the c-Rel subunit appears to be involved in central motility processes of fibroblasts. In further investigations to identify target structures that could be involved in the altered cell motility, no specific mediators could be identified in this work. Adhesion proteins, including various integrins, the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and the motor protein myosin IIa were investigated. Further analyses in a 3D fibrosis model in the form of a collagen matrix colonized with fibroblasts under TGF-β1 stimulation showed no change in contractility due to c-Rel suppression. The results under homeostatic and fibrotic conditions suggested a pre-fibrotic c-Rel function even before the process of myofibroblast differentiation. Subsequent activity assays of NF-κB showed increased TGF-β1 induced activity in a luciferase assay and a tendency towards increased activity in specific c-Rel immunofluorescence staining. Overall, the results of this work suggest a prefibrotic function of the NF-κB subunit c-Rel in relation to migratory and contractile processes of dermal fibroblasts and an increase in c-Rel activity in the fibrotic state. Accordingly, c-Rel could represent a central target for future therapeutic approaches both in the prevention of systemic sclerosis and in the reduction of disease activity and progression of skin fibrosis.
Keywords: NF-κB; Fibrosis; Skin; c-Rel; Dermal homeostasis; tumour necrosis factor-alpha