Einfluss von GnRH-Analoga auf Proliferation und Invasion von GnRH-Rezeptor-positiven Zervixkarzinomzellen
Influence of GnRH analogs on proliferation and invasion of GnRH receptor-positive cervical carcinoma cells
by Bastienne-Célestine Eder
Date of Examination:2024-11-19
Date of issue:2024-11-06
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Carsten Gründker
Referee:Prof. Dr. Carsten Gründker
Referee:Prof. Dr. Dieter Kube
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Abstract
English
Despite a significant decline in the incidence of cervical cancer in Germany due to the intensification of preventive measures, the five-year overall survival rate for cervical cancer remains at 65%. Conversely, cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. To improve prognosis and expand therapeutic options, this work is based on research findings related to the treatment of GnRH receptor-positive cancer cells in gynecological tumors using GnRH analogs. Preliminary results from the research group have shown promising outcomes, demonstrating a reduction in both proliferation and invasion in response to GnRH analog treatment. To investigate the expression of GnRH receptors in the HT-3 and C33-A cell lines, an immunofluorescence staining was performed using a GnRH antibody. The expression of the GnRH receptor was successfully confirmed. Additionally, the expression of GnRH receptors across various histopathological subtypes of cervical cancer was assessed using a tissue microarray. Increased GnRH receptor expression was observed with progressive loss of cell differentiation. To analyze the proliferative behavior of the cells, a viability assay utilizing alamarBlue® was conducted. A trend towards reduced proliferation of the C33-A cell line was noted following treatment with the GnRH agonist Triptorelin, along with a significant reduction in proliferation under treatment with the GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix. However, due to the lack of consistent statistical significance and high standard deviations, these results could only be interpreted with caution. Indications emerged suggesting a potential negation of the dichotomy between GnRH agonists and antagonists. Invasion behavior was analyzed through a 2D coculture invasion assay and a 3D invasion assay. The 2D coculture invasion assay indicated a trend towards reduced invasion of the HT-3 cell line when treated with Triptorelin at a concentration of 10^-7 M, alongside a significant reduction in invasion under treatment with Cetrorelix at the same concentration. However, the 3D invasion assay failed to reproduce these results, which was attributed to challenging experimental and evaluation conditions. The research group previously demonstrated a reduction in the expression of prometastatic factors CYR61 and S100A4 in the treatment of mammary carcinoma cells. To further understand these findings, visual immunofluorescent staining of 3D spheroids for CYR61, S100A4, as well as RhoA and c-myc was conducted. This experimental series was performed for the first time within the group and suggested that the analysis could provide insights into expression patterns and intensities. In addition to the immunofluorescence staining of the spheroids, an evaluation of CYR61 expression was performed using a tissue microarray, along with quantification through Western blot analysis. A significant expression of CYR61 was observed in malignant tissue compared to benign cervical lesions. Conversely, no decreased expression was noted under treatment with CYR61 in the statistical evaluation of the Western blot. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the effects of GnRH analogs on cervical cancer, to deepen the understanding of the role of CYR61, as well as other oncogenic factors, and to develop additional therapeutic options for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Keywords: GnRH analogs; Triptorelin; Cetrorelix; HT-3; C33-A; GnRH receptors; cervical cancer; proliferation; invasion