The effect of electrical tachypacing on optical action potentials of human atrial cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
by Melanie Ritter
Date of Examination:2024-11-12
Date of issue:2024-11-11
Advisor:Prof. Niels Voigt
Referee:Prof. Niels Voigt
Referee:PD Dr. Antje D. Ebert
Sponsor:Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
Sponsor:IRTG 1816
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Abstract
English
Atrial fibrillation is one of the most clinically relevant cardiac arrhythmias worldwide. To improve the understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms and develop further pharmacological therapies for this disease, experimental models that accurately reflect atrial fibrillation associated electrical remodeling are needed. The chosen substrate must provide reliable results and ideally be applicable in a high-throughput manner. In this study, atrial cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CM) were used as substrate to investigate the effect of electrical tachypacing on the extent of atrial fibrillation associated remodeling on the cellular action potential. First, a novel method of action potential measurement using the voltage sensitive dye, FluoVolt, was successful in discriminating between subtypes of cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. As expected, the action potential duration of atrial iPSC-CM was shown to be significantly shorter than that of ventricular iPSC-CM. In addition, the presence of the atrial-specific acetylcholine activated inwardly rectifying K+ current could be confirmed in atrial cardiomyocytes through a shortening of the action potential after stimulation with the M2-receptor agonist carbachol. Atrial iPSC-CM were subjected to 24-hour pacing at 3 Hz or 1 Hz. Subsequent experimentation with FluoVolt revealed a shorter action potential in atrial cardiomyocytes exposed to 3 Hz pacing compared to the 1 Hz control group. Equivalent to previous results in atrial fibrillation models using cardiomyocytes from patients, a reduced response to carbachol in the tachypaced atrial cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells indicated a reduced activity of the acetylcholine activated inwardly rectifying K+ current. The electrical remodeling detected in tachypaced atrial iPSC-CM was reversible after 24 hours of normofrequent pacing at 1 Hz. Another component of atrial fibrillation associated electrical remodeling, the development of a constitutively active acetylcholine activated inwardly rectifying K+ current, was not observed on action potential following application of tertiapin, a potent blocker of the acetylcholine activated inwardly rectifying K+ current. Increasing the frequency of tachypacing to 4 or 5 Hz did not reveal any further aspects of atrial fibrillation associated electrical remodeling and contributed to a higher rate of cell attrition and death. This work contributes substantially to a new in vitro model of atrial fibrillation through action potential characterisation of single cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. The novel method of electrical tachypacing in atrial subtype-specific cells induced electrical remodeling resembling that of atrial fibrillation patients.
Keywords: stem cells; ion channel; action potential; atrial fibrillation