Children’s Language Learning and Processing in Digital Social Interactions
Doctoral thesis
Date of Examination:2024-10-01
Date of issue:2025-01-10
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Nivedita Mani
Referee:Prof. Dr. Nivedita Mani
Referee:Prof. Dr. Mila Dimitrova Vulchanova
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Description:Full text of PhD thesis, Fatih Sivridag
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Abstract
English
Language is inherently a social tool, and nearly all questions concerning its origins, development, and processing raise a discussion of social interactions. As technological advancements transform how we communicate – enabling both digital human-human interactions and human-machine exchanges – important questions arise about whether language functions similarly in these new contexts. Of particular concern is whether children, who increasingly engage with language through digital media, can still learn and process language effectively in digital environments. To address this question, this thesis presents four studies examining children’s language learning and processing in both face-to-face and digital social interactions. The first study investigates children’s word learning during naturalistic interactions, comparing face-to-face communication with live video interactions. The second study extends this investigation by examining the neural markers of speech processing in both face-to-face and live video interactions, providing insights into how children’s brains respond to language across these media. The third study shifts the focus to child-robot interactions, exploring how children learn new words from a gaze-contingent social robot that responds to their attention. The fourth study complements this by investigating the neural processing of the robot’s synthesized speech, assessing whether children’s brains process the robot’s speech similarly to human speech. Across all four studies, children learned words effectively and processed language similarly in both face-to-face and digital interactions, demonstrating their capacity to do so across these media. These results are further reinforced by a review of the existing literature, which, alongside the arguments presented in the four studies, reveals a consistent pattern: children can effectively learn and process language in digital interactions as long as some level of sociality is accommodated. A closer examination of the results of these four studies and the broader literature indicates that the affordances of social interactions may function similarly in face-to-face and digital social contexts, serving as a potential mechanism for effective language learning and processing in these contexts. By integrating these new empirical findings with previous research, this thesis highlights the critical role of social input in ensuring the effectiveness of language learning and processing across different media. This conclusion underscores the potential of digital social interactions in children’s language development and processing in the digital age. The implications of these arguments are significant for researchers, parents, educators, policymakers, and industry participants, emphasizing the importance of promoting digital environments that incorporate social elements to support children’s language development.
Keywords: Language development; Language processing; Digital media; Social interactions; EEG; Child-robot interactions