Optimising management strategies on permanent grassland in the temperate zone in order to increase carbon sequestration, meet yield demands and ensure resilience to future climate change
Evaluations based on long-term simulations
Cumulative thesis
Date of Examination:2025-01-07
Date of issue:2025-02-14
Advisor:Dr. Katrin Kuka
Referee:Prof. Dr. Jörg-Michael Greef
Referee:Prof. Dr. Johannes Isselstein
Referee:Prof. Dr. Stefan Siebert
Sponsor:Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) [grant number 2818300916]
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Description:Dissertation Matthias Robert Filipiak
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Abstract
English
Future climate change will require agricultural management to adapt to increasing air temperatures and changing precipitation patterns while simultaneously providing food, fodder and biomass, and maintaining a variety of ecosystem services. The sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as soil organic carbon (SOC) is thereby a key measure not only in improving the soil quality but also to counterbalance emissions of e.g. methane or nitrous oxide associated with agricultural production, thereby adhering to global and national climate policy goals. This thesis provides a guideline for sustainable land use for policy-makers and farmers by comparing the impact of long-term arable and grassland use on the chemical soil properties, which determine the soil’s ability to store and provide nutriens, limit emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and leaching of nutrients, as well as its overall fertility. As part of a review, several management practices aimed at improving these properties were identified, e.g. introduction of a biodiverse, permanent vegetation, growing legumes and catch crops, implementing grassland phases in an arable rotation, reduction of tillage on arable land, prefering grazing over mowing on grassland, and increasing inputs of organic matter by e.g. retaining harvest residues or increasing inputs of organic fertilisers. In order to explore the SOC sequestration potential on a national and regional scale, simulations using the CANDY model were performed by applying 18 future climate change scenarios until the year 2100 and contrasting management regimes on several representative sites. The simulations identified regions of high priority due to either high risks for SOC losses under suboptimal management or a potential for high SOC gains, which may guide future decision-making in environmental policies. Particularly sandy or silty sites with low summer precipitation are at high risk of SOC losses. In contrast, particularly sites in low-mountainous to alpine regions will benefit from future climate change and therewith expected increasing air temperatures due to no dryness stress occuring in such regions even under the most extreme climate scenarios. The therereby extended duration of the vegetation period will promote plant growth and rhizodepisition. The SOC sequestration potential on both the national and regional scale is highest on clay-rich soils under intensive, particularly grazing, management. However, intensive grasslands on clay-rich soils also have the highest risk of SOC losses as a result of soil compaction according to the simulations, rendering them sites of high priority. Furthermore, high intensification can be accompanied by a decline in biodiversity, which in turn is a high priority in many regions and also contributes to improving both soil quality and SOC storage. The findings of this thesis therefore represent a rough guideline, whereby specific recommendations for management intensity must always be made taking into account potential trade offs at site level.
Keywords: Temperate grassland; Simulations; Scenarios; Climate change; Carbon sequestration; SOC