Die Rolle der Hedgehog Signalkaskade in Ependymomen
The role of Hedgehog signaling in Ependymoma
by Frauke Saskia Nitzki
Date of Examination:2025-03-17
Date of issue:2025-03-12
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Walter Joachim Schulz-Schaeffer
Referee:Prof. Dr. Heidi Hahn
Referee:Prof. Dr. Christof Kramm
Referee:Prof. Dr. Ralf Dressel
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Abstract
English
In this thesis the activity of Hedgehog (HH) signaling in ependymoma was analyzed. To this end, immunohistochemical stainings were performed on 86 paraffin sections to examine the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). The results demonstrated that the majority of ependymomas exhibited positive staining for SHH. The highest levels of expression were observed in grade II and III ependymoma. A slightly higher expression level was observed in tumors located in the posterior fossa compared to those in supratentorial or spinal regions. Notably, tumors exhibiting the unfavorable fusion of the protooncogene RELA, which is a subunit of NF-kB, demonstrated no significant variation in SHH expression when compared to fusion-negative ependymoma. Ependymal cells, regarded as the cells of origin for ependymoma, also exhibited positive staining for SHH. Furthermore, the activity of HH signaling was analyzed by means of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using RNA isolated from 25 frozen tissue samples of ependymoma. These analyses revealed an increased expression of the glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) and reduced expression of hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP) compared to control tissue without tumor. The collective findings of these analyses suggest the presence of active HH signaling in ependymoma. Finally, GLI1 transcripts were detected in a few representative paraffin sections by RNAscope. Furthermore, this study provides the initial documentation of positivity for SHH by immunohistochemistry in astroblastoma, pineocytoma, and pineoblastoma. Glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and neurocytoma also demonstrate SHH expression. In summary, these findings provide a significant foundation for further analyses, particularly regarding the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches for ependymoma. Several different inhibitors of HH signaling that interact at various levels of the signaling cascade are already used for treatment of other tumor entities. Consequently, this study provides a foundation for the future investigation and potential implementation of alternative therapeutic options that target HH signaling in ependymoma.
Keywords: GLI1; Hedgehog signaling; Ependymoma