Varianten im Dihydropyrimidin-Dehydrogenase-Gen (DPYD) bei Patienten mit Rektumkarzinomen unter adjuvanter, 5-FU-haltiger Chemotherapie – eine monozentrische Analyse aus der GAST-05-Studie
Variants in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) in patients with rectal cancer undergoing adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy: A monocentric analysis from the GAST-05 study
by Paula Karlotta Liersch
Date of Examination:2025-03-20
Date of issue:2025-04-29
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Julie Schanz
Referee:Prof. Dr. Julie Schanz
Referee:Prof. Dr. Jürgen Brockmöller
Referee:Prof. Dr. Dr. Philipp Kauffmann
Referee:Prof. Dr. Thomas Meyer
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Description:Dissertation
Abstract
English
In this monocentric posthoc study the impact of occult mutational DPYD status in patients with adenocarcinomas (stages ≥ II) of the upper rectum was investigated towards the occurrence of CTC-AEs (Common-Toxicity-Criteria-Adverse-Events) grades ≥ 3 associated with 5-Fluorouracil (FU) chemotherapy (CTx). 75 patients (pts) (median age: 69 yrs, f: 26, m: 49) of the GAST-05-phase-IIb-trial (ISRCTN35198481) had been tested for DPYD*2A-wildtype (WT) at staging. After upfront surgery, FOLFOX-CTx (4 cycles; FA: 400 mg / m², 5-FU: 2.400 mg / m², OX: 100 mg / m²) was applied in 43 pts DPYD-testing was performed for evaluation of DPYD*2A (c.1905+1G>A; IVS14+1G>A; rs3918290), DPYD*13 (c.1679T>G; rs55886062), the polymorphism c.2846A>T (rs67376798) and Haplotype B3 (Hap B3; c.1236G>A; c.1129-5923C>G) according to recent EMA recommendations. Maximal toxicity (per CTx cycle) was compared between WT vs DPYD mutational pts using Fisher’s exact test. Mixed logistic regression models were fit to study the effect of DPYD mutations on CTC-AEs (high vs low grade). Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and compared between groups using the logrank-test. DPYD re-testing revealed 100% WT for DPYD*2A, DPYD*13 and the polymorphism c.2846A>T. Interestingly, in 5 pts an occult heterozygous (het) DPYD Hap B3 status was detected. For all 43 pts (38x WT, 5x het_Hap B3) receiving FOLFOX, the adherence to CTx cycle number 1 to 4 was 100%, 97.7%, 95.3% and 93.0%, respectively. For WT pts the administered dosages of 5-FU and OX were 92.6% and 75.3%, and for het_Hap B3 pts 68.8% and 55.0% of the target dose, respectively. Compared to the WT cohort, the relative risk (RR) for severe CTC-AEs (grades ≥ 3) was 2,43 for het_Hap B3 pts. These pts were associated with limited DFS (p = 0.010, follow-up: 101 months in median).
Keywords: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase; DPYD polymorphism; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); rectal cancer; pharmacogenetics; adjuvant chemotherapy