Improved genome and population genomics unveil the winter hardiness and breeding signatures in faba bean
by Hailin Zhang
Date of Examination:2025-07-03
Date of issue:2025-10-15
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Nils Stein
Referee:Prof. Dr. Nils Stein
Referee:Prof. Dr. Armin Schmitt
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Abstract
English
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a globally significant cool-season legume valued for its high protein content, nitrogen-fixing ability, and adaptability to diverse agroecological conditions. However, its broader adoption is constrained by key challenges, including its susceptibility to winter kill, limited genomic resources, and the lack of efficient breeding tools. Among these, improving the winter hardiness of faba bean is critical for enhancing its utility in temperate and Mediterranean regions, where winter cultivars exhibit substantial yield advantages over spring types. This dissertation focuses on identifying and characterizing the genetic determinants of winter hardiness in faba bean. By leveraging a newly developed high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly, this study combines genome resequencing, phenotypic analysis, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to dissect the genetic basis of frost tolerance. A major locus associated with winter hardiness was identified, with the most strongly associated variant explaining most of the phenotypic variation and clearly differentiating winter and spring faba beans. Additional genetic signals within the winter gene pool were uncovered, providing further insights into the adaptation of winter cultivars and offering valuable targets for breeding programs. In addition to addressing winter hardiness, this research contributes to the broader goal of advancing faba bean breeding tools. To facilitate the efficient characterization of genetic diversity and trait mapping, an optimized genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol was developed. The combination of restriction enzymes ApeKI/MseI was identified as optimal for faba bean, yielding high-quality genomic libraries enriched for genomic space. This protocol enabled the construction of a genetic map using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and the identification of key quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for hilum color, plant height, flowering time, and pod number per plant. The findings demonstrate the utility of GBS in harnessing the untapped genetic diversity of faba bean for breeding purposes. Together, these advancements establish a comprehensive framework for the genetic improvement of faba bean. The identification of winter hardiness loci addresses a critical agronomic challenge, while the optimized genotyping platform accelerates research and breeding efforts. This dissertation lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at improving the resilience, productivity, and sustainability of faba bean as a global protein crop in diverse agroecological systems.
Keywords: faba bean; Genotyping-by-sequencing; winter hardiness; restriction enzyme; Whole-Genome Sequencing