Electron-Heralded Parametric Photon Generation
by Germaine Arend
Date of Examination:2025-03-06
Date of issue:2025-10-23
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Claus Ropers
Referee:Prof. Dr. Claus Ropers
Referee:Prof. Dr. Tim Salditt
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Abstract
English
Recent research on quantum phenomena has shown great potential to enhance modern technology by increasing computation speed and enabling secure data encryption. Its underlying technological advancements rely on the efficient generation of tailored "quantum optical states", typically generated through nonlinear optical effects, or the interaction of light and matter. Notably, direct scattering between free electrons and optical modes is also anticipated to serve as a source of such non-classical, or quantum light, in which the generated photon properties, such as the spectral distribution, polarization, and state statistics, are defined by the electron beam energy and the scattering geometry. This cumulative thesis showcases the electron-induced generation of non-classical light in a transmission electron microscope through the direct scattering of free electrons with the optical mode of a waveguide. By matching the phase velocity of the optical mode to the velocity of the high-energy electrons, the single-electron interaction probability is significantly enhanced, resulting in a substantial increase in photon yield. The inelastically scattered electrons and generated photons are detected in coincidence, revealing their temporal and energetic correlation, while suppressing uncorrelated noise. This enables the demonstration of electron-photon pair states and a detailed analysis of the photon generation process, which is explored in two subsequent articles. By combining the coincidence detection scheme with post-selection on inelastically scattered electrons at a defined energy loss, electron-heralded photon number states can be detected, which are considered non-classical. Furthermore, coincidence-gating of detected electrons and photons is demonstrated to enable noise-reduced and contrast-enhanced photonic mode imaging. These findings, which harness electron-photon scattering on a single-particle level, promise application in coincidence-enhanced electron microscopy and facilitate future free-electron quantum optics research, encompassing versatile photon state generation and electron-photon entanglement, a field with vast potential.
Keywords: Quantum Optics; Electron Microscopy; Photon Statistics; Electron-Light Interaction; Free-Electron Quantum Optics; Inelastic Electron-Light Scattering; Cathodoluminescence
