The role of Sec61β in Ebola and Marburg virus glycoprotein processing and the potential of the Sec61 channel as antiviral target
Doctoral thesis
Date of Examination:2025-07-01
Date of issue:2025-11-10
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Stefan Pöhlmann
Referee:Prof. Dr. Stefan Pöhlmann
Referee:Dr. Alexander Hahn
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Name:Dissertation_Katharina Emma Decker.pdf
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Abstract
English
Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), members of the family of Filoviridae, are highly pathogenic for humans and non-human primates (NHPs) and lead to reoccurring outbreaks mainly in the region of West, East and Central Africa. Licensed vaccines exists only for one out of five filovirus species, which have been shown to infect humans. Treatment options are very limited and rely mostly on supportive care. Thus, antiviral drugs against filoviruses are urgently needed. Targeting host cell proteins is a promising strategy to enable broad-spectrum antiviral activity and to reduce resistance development. Previous studies on flaviviruses indicated that proteins of the ER import pathway might constitute suitable targets. On the one hand enveloped viruses depend on translocation of their glycoprotein (GP) through the Sec61 channel as part of the ER import pathway and on the other hand knockdown of these ER proteins showed to be compatible with cellular survival. Based on this, I studied the impact of Sec61β, a small subunit of the Sec61 translocation channel, on filovirus glycoprotein processing and function. For this, I generated SEC61B-KO cells. I demonstrated that loss of Sec61β markedly reduced proteolytic processing of MARV-GP, but not EBOV-GP. Furthermore, I could show that cleavage of MARV-GP at a furin cleavage site (FCS) located between the GP subunits GP1 and GP2 is important for cell entry of pseudoviruses bearing MARV-GP, which is distinct to published work on EBOV, showing that the FCS is dispensable for viral entry. My analysis of several other members of the Filoviridae family showed that the FCS was dispensable for all Ebolavirus GPs tested and Lloviu virus GP whereas a defective FCS reduced entry driven by all Marburgvirus GPs tested, although strain and cell type specific differences were observed. In addition, I provided evidence that SKI-1, like furin a member of the proprotein convertases, can cleave MARV-GP. My results suggest that the defect in MARV-GP cleavage in SEC61B-KO cells might be due to reduced proprotein convertase activity and/or altered N-glycosylation of GP. Finally, I could show jointly with partners that inhibition of the Sec61 channel by Apratoxin S4 blocks EBOV and MARV infection. Taken together, I demonstrated that the Sec61 channel, as part of the ER translocation complex, is a promising host cell target for filovirus infections.
Keywords: Glycoprotein; Filoviridae; Marburg virus; Ebola virus; Protease; ER import; Sec61 channel; Sec61beta
