The development of early vocabulary networks
An analysis of phonological and semantic networks, their interaction and child-specific differences
Doctoral thesis
Date of Examination:2025-06-17
Date of issue:2025-11-17
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Nivedita Mani
Referee:Prof. Dr. Nivedita Mani
Referee:Prof. Dr. Markus Steinbach
Referee:Prof. Dr. Hedde Zeijlstra
Sponsor:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), RTG 2636 “Form-meaning mismatches”, Project-ID 429844083
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Abstract
English
Early word learning is a complex process influenced by many factors. The words in the child’s lexical environment and the words in their lexicon play an important role. Their phonological and semantic similarities influence which words are learned next. Despite much research in this area, it is still unclear which similarity relations influence the development of the early lexicon and to what extent, how phonological and semantic similarity structures interact and whether children differ in this respect. This dissertation therefore investigates the influence that phonological and semantic similarity structures in the environment and in the child’s lexicon have on the development of the individual vocabulary and how they interact. Chapter II lays the groundwork by isolating phonological dynamics and investigating individual differences, chapter III provides a broader perspective on the development of early vocabulary networks, demonstrating how phonological and semantic network structure interact in vocabulary network development, and chapter IV provides an individualized view on the development of early vocabulary networks by analyzing growth in individual children. The results show that early vocabulary growth is characterized by a dynamic interplay of several mechanisms, with semantic similarities generally having a stronger influence on word learning than phonological similarities. A particularly prominent role play previously learned words that are phonologically or semantically similar to many other words in the child’s lexicon. These attract new similar words, creating clusters in the lexicon that support vocabulary growth by forming stepping stones for learning new words. Furthermore, learning new words that are similar in meaning to many already known words is easier than learning those that do not share semantic similarities to words in the lexicon; however, phonological similarity to many words in the lexicon impedes learning. In addition, semantic similarities between words in the child’s environment simplify word learning in the beginning, but make it more difficult later on; phonological similarity has a small positive effect. Crucially, words are easier to learn if they are only semantically similar to many other words that have already been learned than if they are semantically and phonologically similar. The study about individual differences in vocabulary growth showed that children differ in the extent to which they utilize similarity relationships in their environment or their lexicon. Specific factors, such as maternal education and the presence of older siblings, appear to play a role. This individualized approach emphasizes the importance of using extensive individual longitudinal data to better capture the effects of these mechanisms. In summary, this dissertation contributes to the understanding of early language acquisition by emphasizing the multi-mechanistic and dynamic nature of vocabulary growth. Future research should adopt a more nuanced perspective of early word acquisition and incorporate the various interacting mechanisms and individual differences between children to develop a more comprehensive model of early word learning.
Keywords: vocabulary development; early word learning; vocabulary network; phonological similarity; semantic similarity; preferential acquisition; preferential attachment; lure of associates; vocabulary development
