Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī Ibn Abī ʿAqīl al-ʿUmānī and Muḥammad b. Aḥmad Ibn al-Junayd al-Iskāfī ― later known by the honorary title “al-Qadīmān” (The Two Ancient Scholars) ― are said to be among the central figures in the development ...