Interplay of the COP9 signalosome deneddylase and the UspA deubiquitinase to coordinate fungal development and secondary metabolism
by Cindy Meister
Date of Examination:2018-06-06
Date of issue:2019-05-29
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Gerhard H. Braus
Referee:Prof. Dr. Gerhard H. Braus
Referee:Prof. Dr. Kai Tittmann
Referee:Dr. Achim Dickmanns
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Abstract
English
Protein half-life is controlled through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Proteins are labeled with ubiquitin chains by E3 cullin RING ligases (CRLs) and then degraded by the 26S proteasome. The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is conserved between multicellular fungi and humans and inactivates CRLs by removing the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from the cullin scaffold subunit (deneddylation). The conformational change of the E3 ligase complex allows the exchange of the substrate binding receptor complex. This enables ubiquitin-mediated degradation of different target proteins in response to environmental changes or developmental programs. CSN recognizes CRLs, which are not interacting with substrates. The proteomes of vegetative hyphae of A. nidulans with or without the gene encoding for the catalytically active deneddylase subunit CsnE of the CSN were compared. Therefore stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) was established for this fungus. Relative quantification revealed changes in protein abundances of more than 10 % of the identified proteins. An intact CSN promotes higher protein amounts of developmentally relevant proteins, whereas CSN dysfunction results in increased levels of proteins related to amino acid metabolism. The A. nidulans ubiquitin-specific protease A (UspA) counteracts the UPS by removing ubiquitin chains from proteins. UspA is the ortholog of human Usp15, which interacts with CSN. Gene expression of fungal uspA is reduced in the presence of a functional CSN. UspA interacts with fungal CSN subunits in vivo and in vitro and is primarily localized close to nuclei. The association of UspA to karyopherins and proteins involved in transcriptional processing imply a function during nuclear transport. The UspA cysteine residues C469 and C1066 are essential for its deubiquitination activity. Respective alanine exchanges in the uspAAA mutant allele produce an inactive enzyme resulting in increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins during fungal development similar to the uspA deletion strain. These results suggest a possible protein stabilization function of UspA. An uspA deletion strain forms reduced amounts of asexual conidia and is delayed in sexual fruiting body formation. Destabilization of VeA is observed during wild type development, but not without UspA. The VeA regulator of fungal development and secondary metabolism pulled only in uspA deficient strains the DbaB and DbaH proteins encoded by the derivative of benzaldehyde (dba) secondary metabolite gene cluster. The lack of either functional UspA or CSN results in increased dba gene cluster expression. The location of UspA in proximity to the nucleus, the interaction with various proteins involved in nuclear transport, transcription and protein turnover and the impact on fungal development and secondary metabolism support a complex fine tuning function of the deubiquitinase in the A. nidulans life cycle.
Keywords: Aspergillus nidulans; ubiquitin; deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs); ubiquitin-proteasome system; COP9 signalosome (CSN); ubiquitin-specific protease; velvet domain proteins