Comprehension and production of referential expressions in German Sign Language and Turkish Sign Language: An empirical approach
by Derya Nuhbalaoglu
Date of Examination:2018-10-01
Date of issue:2019-07-03
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Markus Steinbach
Referee:Prof. Dr. Markus Steinbach
Referee:Prof. Dr. Edgar Onea
Referee:Prof. Dr. Okan Kubus
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Description:Dissertation
Abstract
English
Localization, which corresponds to the spatial anchoring of referents to the signing space, functions as a very powerful, yet not necessarily obligatory, device to track referents and maintain coherence in the discourse of sign languages. The question of what happens in the absence of overt localization is the focus of this dissertation; it addresses this question by investigating the potential factors affecting the comprehension of pronominal IX and the production of referential expressions by looking at the comparative data between German Sign Language (DGS) and Turkish Sign Language (TİD) from Referent Selection and Sentence Continuation Tasks. The results of this work show that the spatial defaults of localization, claimed to be used for the introduction and tracking of referents in signed discourse (Steinbach & Onea 2016; Wienholz et al. 2018), are followed only in restricted contexts (i.e. with reciprocal verbs) for the comprehension of pronominal IX. In production, spatial defaults are applied only scarcely being subject to intra- and inter-language variation. The preferred default pattern for DGS is observed to be ipsi-contra (depending on handedness). On the other hand, in TİD, the pattern appears to be right-left for comprehension and left-right for production (irrespective of handedness). In addition, a potential influence of the following conventions on the salience of referents is suggested: (i) semantic and morpho-syntactic properties of the verb categories (i.e. plain verbs promoting object preference), (ii) perspective taking strategies (i.e. DGS signers prefer to use signer perspective rotating the signing space 1800, while TİD signers seem to use addressee perspective mirroring the signing space), (iii) referential value of pronominal IX (i.e. referring to entities of low accessibility status), (iv) structure of the discourse contexts (i.e. a potential difference between maintenance and re-introduction context with respect to the production of IX signs), (v) type of the coherence relation established between the sentences (i.e. causal relations mainly triggering object preference). The findings of this dissertation propose a differential contribution of modality specific (i.e. signing space) and modality independent (i.e. verb semantics) as well as participant related (i.e. handedness) and language specific (i.e. interaction with the gestural system of the surrounding spoken language) conventions for resolving anaphora and producing referential expressions. They also highlight a need for an integrated theory of anaphora resolution that includes the above-mentioned aspects; furthermore, a multidimensional approach to salience is suggested.
Keywords: referential expressions; pronominal IX; spatial defaults; Referent Selection Task; Sentence Continuation Task; German Sign Language (DGS); Turkish Sign Language (TİD)