Erweiterte Charakterisierung substratspezifischer Effekte genetischer Polymorphismen im organischen Kationentransporter OCT1
Extended characterization of substrate-specific effects of genetic polymorphisms in the organic cation transporter OCT1
by Sawan Kumar Kakkar
Date of Examination:2019-11-27
Date of issue:2019-10-09
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Mladen Tzvetkov
Referee:Prof. Dr. Mladen Tzvetkov
Referee:Prof. Dr. Tim Beißbarth
Referee:Prof. Dr. Margarete Schön
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Abstract
English
The human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) mediating the hepatic uptake of drugs and cationic substances shows high genetic variability. About 9% of the population are carriers of two inactive OCT1 alleles (poor OCT1 transporters). Genetic polymorphisms lead to interindividual variability in terms of hepatic uptake of medical drugs. Thus, differences in hepatic elimination and systemic blood concentration result. OCT1 is a polyspecific transporter. On the one hand, the transporter mediates the uptake of structurally highly different substrates into the liver. On the other hand, minor structural changes of the substrate are sufficient to prevent it from being recognized and transported by OCT1. As the underlying mechanisms are hardly known, the aim of this thesis was to gain new insights into the mechanisms of polyspecificity of the OCT1 transporter through systematic mutational analysis. The effects of 20 genetic OCT1 variants on the uptake of eight OCT1 substrates were investigated. Subsequently, two-dimensional clustering analysis (genetic variants vs. substrates) were performed on the basis of the generated data. Two large substrate clusters could be generated. For substrate group A (morphine, fenoterol, sumatriptan, ASP+, ranitidine, debrisoquine and MPP +), the genetic variants of OCT1 led to minor functional limitations. Substrate group B (metformin, tropisetron, zolmitriptan, TEA+, monocrotaline, tyramine and O-desmethyltramadol), on the other hand, showed severe OCT1 functional limitations. Cycloguanil could not be assigned to either substrate group A or B and represents the first substance of a substrate group C. Three different substrate groups indicate the existence of different polyspecific binding sites. In the future, however, further genetic OCT1 variants and drugs must be investigated. This may be benefitial to the drug treatment of patients that can be used as part of personalized medicine. The results of this work indicate that in the future optimal dose recommendations for some drugs can only be given on the basis of the OCT1 activity.
Keywords: OCT1; Organic Cation Transporter 1; SLC22A1; Liver; Genetic Polymorphisms