Auswirkungen der Selbstwirksamkeit auf den Effekt eines Theta/Beta Neurofeedbacktrainings bei Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung
Influence of self-efficacy on the effect of a theta/beta neurofeedback training in children with ADHD
by David Schmiedeke
Date of Examination:2020-07-29
Date of issue:2020-07-16
Advisor:Dr. Holger Gevensleben
Referee:Prof. Dr. Aribert Rothenberger
Referee:PD Dr. Caspar Stephani
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Abstract
English
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder primarily treated by stimulant medication. Neurofeedbacktraining (NFT) is a promising alternative therapeutic option, which works by giving participants feedback about neurophysiological variables (e.g. EEG) with the goal of influencing those variables and in turn lessening their symptoms. While some positive effects of NFT have been shown, there is still uncertainty about how NFT conveys its effects, which training works best and what the best control condition to study it is. To determine if self-efficacy, manipulated by a false placebo instruction, influences the outcome of a NFT, we conducted a 3-part theta/beta NFT with 39 children diagnosed with ADHD. All participants did a regular NFT but half were informed that they would participate in a placebo-controlled study and might recieve sham feedback. The data of the 25 participants receiving single electrode feedback was analyzed for this work. Symptom severity and motivational factors were assessed beforehand and after each training children completed a short questionnaire asking them to rate the NFT and their performance/efficacy. Our analysis of the frequency band power during the exercises showed a high theta activity compared to baseline for the whole group, which participants were able to significantly lower during trial runs with delayed feedback. Both the absolute theta activity and the relative reduction of theta during training were higher in highly motivated subjects. We could also show an increase in beta activity, which was more pronounced in the verum group towards the end of the training. This replicates studies showing successful regulation of EEG activity in a short term NFT-setting and influence of motivation/self-efficacy. For the first time we could also demonstrate a negative impact of a placebo instruction on the effect of the training. These results warrant further investigation into the question if a placebo/sham control group design is sensible for NFT.
Keywords: ADHD; Neurofeedback; placebo