Preparation and investigation of an in vitro model system for the GABAA receptor organisation machinery of inhibitory post synapses
by Jonas K. Schäfer
Date of Examination:2020-07-01
Date of issue:2020-07-22
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Claudia Steinem
Referee:Prof. Dr. Nils Brose
Referee:Prof. Dr. Reinhard Jahn
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Abstract
English
The synaptic communication between neuronal cells is based on the release and uptake of neurotransmitters. In the mammalian brain inhibitory signal transduction relies on the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) which is recognised by specific receptors in the post synaptic plasma membrane. These receptors experience high spatio-temporal fluctuations and thus need to be accumulated in direct opposition to the presynaptic active site to facilitate fast communication. Malfunctions in this process are origin of multiple neuronal diseases. A protein machinery composed of the cell adhesion protein neuroligin 2 (NL2), the scaffolding protein gephyrin and the adaptor protein collybistin 2 (CB2), that interacts with phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs) in the plasma membrane, is assumed to be responsible for the receptor organisation in the postsynaptic specialisations. The complex has been examined only in vivo so far, yet to characterise each constituent in detail and to investigate their intermolecular interactions an in vitro system is required. Therefore, this work focusses on the preparation of a model system, based on membranes supported by SiO2 substrates. In solid-supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) a heterogeneous distribution of the bisphosphorylated phosphoinositide (PtdIns[4,5]P2) was detected, thus solid-supported hybrid membranes (SHMs) prepared by spreading of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) on hydrophobically functionalised SiO2 were deployed to guarantee homogeneous distribution and comparability of all PtdInsPs (PtdIns[3]P, PtdIns[4,5]P2 and PtdIns[3,4,5]P3) tested. The adsorption of recombinantly expressed CB2 to SHMs containing the different PtdInsPs was examined by means of reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this way the isolated PH domain (CB2PH) and the point-mutated, active full-length isoform (CB2SH3/W24A-E262A) were characterised as unspecific, moderate PtdInsP interation partners, while the wild-type of CB2 (CB2SH3) was incapable of binding. Furthermore, it was shown that the height of the adsorbed protein is dictated by the C-terminal PH domain. The addition of a second receptor lipid (DGS), specific for a NL2 protein construct mimicking its intracellular domain (His-cytNL2) introduced a positive charge but did not affect the established membrane system. After fixation of His-cytNL2 to SHMs doped with DGS and PtdInsP also adsorption of CB2SH3 was detected. Thereby, the activation of the wild-type by interaction with the intracellular domain of NL2 was proven. Additionally, the activated wild-type exhibited a higher specificity compared to that of CB2SH3/W24A-E262A.
Keywords: GABAA receptor organisation; Collybistin Activation; Phosphoinositide distribution; Supported model membrane systems