Phänotypische Charakterisierung humaner Monozyten von Blutspendern mit chronischer Toxoplasmose und nicht-infizierten Kontrollen
Phenotypic characterization of human monocytes from blood donors with chronic toxoplasmosis and non-infected controls
von Hauke Gerhard Ehmen
Datum der mündl. Prüfung:2020-11-17
Erschienen:2020-11-13
Betreuer:Prof. Dr. Carsten Lüder
Gutachter:Prof. Dr. Tobias Legler
Gutachter:Prof. Dr. Martin Oppermann
Dateien
Name:eDiss H G Ehmen - Phänotypische Charakterisi...pdf
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Zusammenfassung
Englisch
The globally distributed parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligatory intracellular protozoan and the infectious agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. Humans become regularly infected by ingestion of undercooked meat from chronically infected livestock, or by uptake of infectious oocysts from the environment. The subsequent infection is mostly asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. Robust cell-mediated immune responses commonly control T. gondii parasitemia, and only a few slowly dividing bradyzoites remain unrecognized within tissue cysts, which is known as chronic toxoplasmosis. However, toxoplasmosis can lead to severe disease in immunocompromised patients and pre- or postnatal after infection in utero. The impact of chronic Toxoplasma infections on cells of the innate immune system in humans is largely unknown. In this study the phenotype of human monocytes was therefore investigated depending on the T. gondii serostatus and after in vitro infection with the parasite. Results show that T. gondii-seropositive blood donors compared to seronegative controls expressed significantly less CD16 on monocytes, but this did not lead to a significant shift between “classical”, “intermediate” and “non-classical” monocyte subpopulations. However, percentages of CD62L-positive or CD64-positive monocytes was significantly lower and higher, respectively, in chronically infected toxoplasmosis patients than in seronegative controls. Chronically infected individuals also expressed higher mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12, which may indicate an increased propensity for inflammatory responses. In vitro infection of monocyte-enriched PBMCs with T. gondii led to a strong expansion of the “classical” monocytes among monocytes from both seropositive and seronegative individuals despite simultaneous inhibition of CD14 expression. Percentages of “intermediate” and “non-classical” monocytes were accordingly decreased after in vitro infection. Remarkably, expression of the chemotaxis receptor CCR2 on human monocytes was almost completely inhibited after in vitro infection. As expected, a shift from mRNA of anti-inflammatory IL-10 to mRNA of pro-inflammatory IL-12 could be shown after an in vitro infection with T. gondii, and this appeared to be more pronounced in chronically infected individuals as compared to negative control individuals. Together, the results for the first time indicate specific changes in the reaction as well as in the phenotype of human monocytes during chronic infection with T. gondii.
Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii; T. gondii; monocytes; FACS; parasitology; toxoplasmosis; peripheral human monocytes; CD16; PBMC; chronic toxoplasmosis; immune response; monocyte subpopulations; IL-12; IL-10; TNF-alpha; CD14; quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR; monocyte subsets; cytokines; surface markers; chronic infection