Molecular mechanisms of TBX5-related conduction disorders
by Franziska Sophie Rathjens
Date of Examination:2020-09-29
Date of issue:2021-08-24
Advisor:PD Dr. Laura C. Zelarayán
Referee:PD Dr. Laura C. Zelarayán
Referee:Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Zeisberg
Referee:Prof. Dr. Steven Johnsen
Referee:Prof. Dr. Argyris Papantonis
Referee:Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Behr
Referee:Prof. Dr. Hubertus Jarry
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Abstract
English
Background Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death. About 60 % of cardiovascular mortality is attributable to sudden cardiac death, mostly caused by arrhythmia. The origin of arrhythmia can be an underlying chronic cardiac disease, but genetic factors are involved as well, especially in younger patients. A genetic factor associated with arrhythmia is the transcription factor T-box 5 (TBX5). Most studies investigated TBX5 in the context of developmental processes or with respect to conduction properties of the heart. Interestingly, TBX5 expression is dysregulated not only due to genetic factors: Ventricular samples from patients or animal models with cardiomyopathy show lower TBX5 expression than controls. Because of this aberrant expression pattern in the working myocardium, we hypothesized, that TBX5 plays an important role for tissue homoeostasis of the ventricular working myocardium. Methods & Results To investigate the consequences of TBX5 loss in the working myocardium, we generated an inducible primarily ventricular TBX5 KO model (vTbx5KO). This led to reduced heart growth and diastolic dysfunction in the vTbx5KO. Moreover, the mice presented with impeded conduction marked by PR- and QRS-prolongation and arrhythmias characterized by atrioventricular block and ventricular tachycardia. The survival of the vTbx5KO mice was reduced to 40%, probably attributable to sudden cardiac death. For the determination of the underlying molecular mechanism, we performed integrative chromatin occupancy and transcriptome analysis. This analysis revealed 47 targets of TBX5 in the adult ventricle. More profound analysis on a subset of genes identified three clusters of novel targets implicated in cardiac electrophysiology (Gja1, Kcnj5, Kcng2, Cacna1g, Chrm2), cardioprotection (Fhl2, Gpr22, Fgf16) and contraction (Fstl4, Cmya5, Emilin2, Pdlim4). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of restoration of TBX5 expression to revert arrhythmia and prevent sudden cardiac death. For this purpose, adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding TBX5 were injected in vTbx5KO mice, that already suffered from arrhythmia. Indeed, the AAV led to a restoration of TBX5 and its target genes and more importantly to a normalisation of conduction and reduced arrhythmic propensity. Conclusions This study showed that beyond its role in the developing and adult conduction system, TBX5 is required for tissue homoeostasis and electrical signal propagation of the working myocardium. Its restoration after TBX5 loss can normalise target gene expression and cardiac electrophysiology.
Keywords: Arrhythmia; TBX5; Sudden cardiac death