Management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) with botanical extract (Balanites aegyptiaca) and endophytic entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum (6c1) reared on okra plant
by Elhadi Morzog
Date of Examination:2021-07-26
Date of issue:2021-09-21
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Vidal Stefan
Referee:Prof. Dr. Michael Rastas
Referee:PD Dr. Meyhöfer Rainer
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Abstract
English
Leaves chewing insects are widely recognized as herbivores which can influence agricultural productivity. Cotton bollworms are one of the most important crop pests worldwide. The larva is mainly responsible for causing damage; it is a polyphagous in nature and attacks more than 182 plant species. Moreover, well-managed pests like the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) developed resistances against often used insecticides. Hence, concerns about the widespread of the environmental negative impacts of chemical insecticides coupled with the great damages in many areas that expected to be caused by the bollworm have led to focus on environmentally sound and sustainable alternative strategies for pest control. The development of new biopesticide against these and other pests is therefore of high importance, to overcome disadvantages of chemically synthetic plant protection products, which can be highly efficient but with indeterminate environmental effects. Overall hypotheses of the thesis were that Metarhizium brunneum (Mycoinsecticide) and extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca L (Botanical insecticide) are effective in controlling cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera insect pest. - Chapter 1 General introduction focus on literature review. - Chapter 2 An Metarhizium brunneum strain 6c1 was evaluated for its capability to colonize okra plant with toothpick inoculation method. The studies reflected the ability of Mb-6c1 to colonize the whole plant tissue. Different parameters such as pupae success, area consumed, weight gain and faeces dry weight bioassay were tested to evaluate whether the colonization of Mb- 6c1 could affect the performance of bollworm by means of toothpick. The results revealed that M brunneum (6c1) showed a positive effect on the survival of cotton bollworm larvae conducted in the bioassay. - Chapter 3 and 4 of this focus on B aegyptiaca as a botanical insecticide - Chapter 3 A review on Desert Date Balanites aegyptiaca L. & Del.: general uses and future prospective as botanical insecticide. - Chapter 4 Deleterious effects of oil and water extracts (2% (v: v): 5% (v: v) oil extract and 5% (w/v): 10% (w/v) water extract) of seed kernel of B aegyptiaca Del on the 2nd instar larvae H armigera were studied. All results showed that larval survival was significantly influenced by treatments. Oil and water extracts have properties of larvicidal against H armigera which could potentially be used as an attractive alternative for pest management. In order to clearly and widely identify the active ingredients which caused the deleterious effects and the modes of action, this study recommends that the bioassays should be applied in a field study and modes of action should be identified and dose-response curves assessed additionally, efficacy of different parts (leaves and roots) of B aegyptiaca against H armigera should be screened as well.
Keywords: Morzog