Behavioral Interventions and Students' Success at University - Evidence from Randomized Field Experiments
by Raphael Brade
Date of Examination:2021-12-22
Date of issue:2022-01-20
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Robert Schwager
Referee:Prof. Dr. Robert Schwager
Referee:Prof. Dr. Oliver Himmler
Referee:Prof. Dr. Thomas Kneib
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Abstract
English
Research over the past decades has documented the various individual and social returns to tertiary education. In many countries, however, the realization of those returns is jeopardized by high dropout rates and delayed graduation. Investigating the underlying reasons for the lack of academic success, the recent literature points to the critical role of behavioral biases and the resulting need for interventions that address them. Against this background, this thesis investigates the effectiveness of several low-cost and easy-to-implement measures that aim to increase students’ success at university, thereby contributing to the young but growing body of research on behaviorally informed interventions in higher education. Using randomized field experiments for causal evaluation, the four main chapters of this thesis study i) whether social information about the past behavior of others can raise remedial math course participation and if increased course attendance translates into higher academic performance in the first year of studies (Chapter 2), ii) whether relative performance feedback on accumulated course credits can increase short- and long-term academic achievement (Chapters 3 and 4), and iii) whether a non-binding commitment to study according to the recommended study structure and reminder letters are able to help students succeed in university (Chapter 5). Taken together, this thesis provides a broad range of evidence for the versatility and potential of behaviorally informed measures. They can improve academic performance directly or indirectly, provide decision-relevant information that is frequently not available to students, or be used to address specific biases -- such as procrastination and limited attention. Crucially, Chapters 4 and 5 provide some of the first evidence that behavioral interventions can have substantial positive effects on long-term academic success. Yet, the chapters of this thesis also paint a nuanced picture and show that effects are often heterogeneous. In many situations, a targeted implementation of the proposed measures may therefore be necessary to prevent unwanted effects. At the same time, examples of how econometric methods can be used to identify the beneficiaries of an intervention more precisely are provided.
Keywords: Economics of Education; Behavioral Economics of Education; Higher Education; Randomized Field Experiment; Remedial Course; Social Information; Relative Performance Feedback; Commitment Device; Reminder