Negotiating Women`s Labour: Women Farmers, State, and Society in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, 1885-2000
by Nives Kinunda
Date of Examination:2017-09-22
Date of issue:2019-01-30
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Rebekka Habermas
Referee:Richard, Dr Hoelzl
Referee:Dr. Albert Sengulo Mselem
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Abstract
English
Abstract This research analyses “The negotiations for women farmers’ labour: Women Farmers, State, and Society in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, 1885-2000”. The study aims at researching the interaction of women farmers in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania in their daily pursuit of agriculture and other social economic activities. Historically, women farmers had been the main food producers in Tanzania. They also contribute immensely to the labour power for the cultivation of cash crops. However, social economic visibility and reputation of women farmers have historically remained low compared to that of men. Therefore, this study aims at examining the historical explanation for this situation. The research findings show that, women farmers’ social economic visibility and reputation is a part of historical processes of negotiations. It is a negotiated history between women farmers, powerful local classes, various male actors at the local level, as well as pre-colonial, colonial, and post colonial political and economic institutions. In various historical epochs, women farmers had been strong and confident to negotiate their labour power versus various institutions and individuals. They were able to act by complementing and substituting resources to confront adverse social economic climates. In some cases, women farmers decided to protest actively or passively against the detrimental historical events they faced in the process of implementing agriculture and other social economic activities. This study, therefore, analyses the points of interactions and negotiations between and among the mentioned parties in the stated period. A case study strategy was adopted to address the research problem. Interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews were the main data collection instruments. Furthermore, gender analysis was used to guide the research process, whereby gender roles and gender relations were the main gender frameworks utilised. Although the data collection of the research was carried out in Makete, Mbinga, and Mbozi districts, examples from other areas in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania were used to complete the historical record for and overview on the region.
Keywords: Women Farmers; Women Labour, Agriculture, State, Society