Verticillium dahliae transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 control microsclerotia formation and sequential steps of plant root penetration and colonisation to induce disease
by Tri-Thuc Bui
Date of Examination:2017-11-21
Date of issue:2018-10-12
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Gerhard Braus
Referee:Prof. Dr. Gerhard Braus
Referee:Prof. Dr. Stefanie Pöggeler
Referee:Prof. Dr. Kai Heimel
Referee:PD Dr. Michael Hoppert
Referee:PD Dr. Rolf Daniel
Referee:Prof. Dr. Ivo Feußner
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Description:PhD thesis
Abstract
English
Verticillium dahliae belongs to the soil-borne ascomycete fungi. It causes wilt diseases and early senescence in more than 200 plant species including economically important crops. It can exist in the soil without a host for a decade by forming microsclerotia. Root exudates induce germination of microsclerotia. V. dahliae enters its hosts through root infection, colonises the root cortex and invades the xylem vessels. The host infection of pathogenic fungi requires penetration and colonisation processes. The penetration of the root surface needs adhesive proteins at several stages during the host-parasite interaction. Adhesion proteins are not well described in V. dahliae whereas they are well studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae Flo8 is a transcription factor of adhesion, which regulates the expression of flocculation genes such as FLO1 and FLO11. The defective FLO8 strain is unable to adhere to agar plates or to flocculate in liquid medium. V. dahliae nuclear transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 can rescue adhesion in a FLO8-deficient S. cerevisiae strain. Som1 and Vta3 induce the expression of FLO1 and FLO11 genes encoding adhesins. The SOM1 and VTA3 genes were deleted and their function in fungal induced plant pathogenesis was studied by genetic, cell biological, proteomic and plant pathogenicity experiments. V. dahliae Som1 and Vta3 are sequentially required for root penetration and colonisation of the plant host. Som1 supports fungal adhesion and root penetration and is required earlier than Vta3 in the colonisation of plant root surfaces and tomato plant infection. Som1 controls septa positioning, the size of vacuoles, and subsequently hyphal development including aerial hyphae formation and normal hyphal branching. Som1 and Vta3 control conidia and microsclerotia formation and antagonise in oxidative stress response. The molecular function of Som1 is conserved between the plant pathogen V. dahliae and the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Som1 controls the expression of genes for adhesion and oxidative stress response. Som1, as well as Vta3, regulate a genetic network for conidia and microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity of V. dahliae.
Keywords: Adhesion and root penetration; Conidia and microsclerotia formation; Oxidative stress response; Plant pathogenicity; Som1/Flo8 and Vta3; Verticillium dahliae