Histopathologische Charakterisierung von Muskelzellstress bei der Einschlusskörpermyositis
Histopathological characterization of muscle cell stress in inclusion body myositis
by Rosa Götze-Brown née Götze
Date of Examination:2022-11-17
Date of issue:2022-11-09
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Jens Schmidt
Referee:Prof. Dr. Philipp Ströbel
Referee:Prof. Dr. Thomas Meyer
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Abstract
English
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy of an advanced age. According to the histopathological features in IBM biopsies, IBM is thought to involve an interplay of inflammation, protein accumulation, and myodegeneration, but to date the etiology and pathogenesis of IBM remain elusive. Three different methods were used to investigate the pathogenesis of IBM, which is still poorly understood. Using posthumously collected muscle samples from an IBM patient provided the rare opportunity to have samples from multiple muscles available at the same time point for a case study. As the patient was undergoing treatment at the Neuromuscular Outpatient Clinic of the University Medical Center Göttingen, the histopathological results could be compared with the findings of the clinical examination before the patient’s death. In the single fiber analysis, biopsies from four IBM patients were stained with multiple stainings including the cell stress marker aBCrystallin and TOM20 (translocase of the outer membrane 20) as a marker for mitochondrial transport defects and abnormalities. The single fiber analysis was used to examine which of the histopathological markers were simultaneously expressed in the same muscle fiber. Through this, staining patterns and co-expressions could be detected and analyzed. As a third method, we attempted to use laser microdissection (LMD) to isolate aBCrystallin-positive and -negative fibers from IBM biopsies in order to sequence the miRNA. The results of the case study and single fiber analysis confirm the hypothesis that there is an interplay of inflammation, cell stress, protein dyshomeostasis, and myodegeneration in IBM. With the help of the single fiber analysis, a hypothesis can be made for the timeline of these mechanisms: In IBM, inflammation occurs in muscle, leading to cell stress which can be detected histopathologically by the marker aBCrystallin. Cell stress, on the other hand, is accompanied by impaired autophagy leading to the protein accumulation which is typical of IBM. To counteract mitochondrial transport dysfunction, TOM20 is overexpressed, but this results in abnormal mitochondrial morphology and later COX- (Cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency. The muscle fibers increasingly degenerate, resulting in macroscopic atrophy and clinical muscle weakness in IBM patients.
Keywords: IBM; inclusion body myositis; myoinflammation; myodegeneration; cell stress