Prognostische Relevanz der Magnetresonanztomographie-Feature-Tracking-basierten quantifizierten Vorhoffunktion nach akutem Myokardinfarkt
Prognostic relevance of magnetic resonance imaging feature tracking-based quantified atrial function after acute myocardial infarction
by Jenny-Lou Navarra
Date of Examination:2020-01-08
Date of issue:2019-12-06
Advisor:Prof. Dr. Andreas Schuster
Referee:Prof. Dr. Andreas Schuster
Referee:PD Dr. Johannes T. Kowallick
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Abstract
English
Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of atrial performance after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, whereas the role of atrial function following acute myocardial infarction remains controversial. Based on the two prospective multi-centre studies AIDA (Abciximab Intracoronary versus intravenously Drug Application in STEMI) und TATORT; Thrombus Aspiration in Thrombus Containing Culprit Lesions in Non–ST-Elevation) in the survey period between 2008 and 2013, this project aimed to assess atrial function of the study participiants in a secondary analysis. The study includes 1235 study participants with ST-Segment-elevation AMI (n=795) and 440 Non-ST-Segment-Elevation AMI-study participants, which initially underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Different therapeutic strategies had been evaluated, intracoronary vs intravenously application of Abciximab respectively thrombus aspiration in comparison to standard PCI. Regarding MRI, different parameters, e.g. left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Infarct size (IS), microvascular obstruction (MO) and Myocardial Salvage Index had been analyzed. A compound of all-cause death, reinfarction and new congestive heart failure following AMI (MACE, major adverse cardiac events) was the primary clinical endpoint. The following physiological aspects of the atrial function were quantified as part of this dissertation: The reservoir function, which includes the atrial blood filling by pulmonary venous return during the ventricular systole; the conduit function, the blood flow during early diastole to the ventricle; and the booster-pump function, the enlargement of the ventricular filling during late diastole. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived feature tracking (FT) is a novel technique which allows quantifying myocardial atrial function. FT makes it possible to examine the "strain", the myocardial tissue deformation. In addition, the atrial ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic and -systolic volumes were determined for the volumetric analysis. The patients enrolled in the above studies were followed up one year after the initial AMI, and the FT-calculated values were correlated with the primary clinical data of the above-mentioned substudies. Left atrial (LA) impaired strain parameters were closely correlated with an increased probability of occurrence of MACE and could differentiate between groups of different risk for serious cardiac events. The LA reservoir function was found to be the most appropriate variable for risk stratification to differentiate between patients with different MACE risk globally and subgroups with preserved and reduced LVEF, low and high MO or IS, as well as preserved and limited global longitudinal ventricular strain. In addition to established MR parameters, LA strain values can specify MACE prediction and are equally applicable to both the STEMI and NSTEMI collectives. In addition, there was an increased risk for MACE with a significant impairment in function of the right atrium (RA). Furthermore, a reduced RA booster pump component was found to be useful as an independent prognostic predictor and to identify patients with systolic heart failure. Moreover, the potential of the RA reservoir and conduit component for risk stratification in patients with largely preserved EF was shown. It was also confirmed for LA and RA that atrial strain parameters can be easily determined by cardiac MRI using SSFP cine sequences from routine diagnostics. This provides the opportunity to integrate the assessment of atrial function for prognostic risk assessment for post-infarction patients into clinical practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relevance of cardiac MRI for risk stratification and atrial function as a possible compensatory factor in different cardiac diseases in order to characterize its relevance and optimize therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: Strain; Myocardial infarction; Prognosis; Feature Tracking; MRI; Radiology; Cardiology; Atrial; Left atrium; Right atrium; Heart failure; Conduit; Reservoir; Atrial Kick; late gadolinium enhancement; cardiovascular